consanguinity
血族関係
解説 Definition
共通の祖先から来た血族の関係。親族関係。
Consanguinity is a family relationship based on blood, such as the connection between parents, children, brothers, and sisters. It is often used in legal, medical, or formal discussions about relatives. The word is formal and not common in everyday conversation.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
長くて難しく見えますが、まとまりで覚えると残りやすい語です。con- は「共に」、-ity は名詞語尾なので、真ん中の sanguin- を見たら sanguine / sanguinary と同じ「血」の仲間だと気づくのが第一歩。つまり「血を共にすること」→血族関係。法律・医学・系譜の文脈で使われやすく、consanguinity marriage のように近親婚の話題にも出ます。affinity が婚姻による親族関係なのに対し、こちらは blood relation 側だと対比すると混同しにくいです。
Break it into parts: `con-` means "together" and `-ity` makes a noun. The key middle part is `sanguin-`, the same blood-related root seen in words like `sanguine` and `sanguinary`. So think: people who share blood together. It is often contrasted with `affinity`, which is family relation by marriage, not by blood.
例文
The consanguinity between the families was evident.
家族間の血族関係は明白であった。
Consanguinity laws regulate marriage between relatives.
血族関係の法律は親族間の結婚を規制する。
The consanguinity chart showed all blood relations.
血族関係チャートはすべての血族関係を示した。
consanguinity の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
consanguinity の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 consanguinitas 由来で、con-「共に」+ sanguin-「血」+ -ity「性質」と分けられます。sanguine や sanguinary も同じ「血」の語根。血を共にする関係という骨格が、そのまま血族関係の意味です。
Consanguinity comes from Latin consanguinitas, built from con- meaning together and sanguin- meaning blood. It shares its root with English words such as sanguine and sanguinary. The original idea was of people connected by the same blood, which led to its later use for family relation by birth.
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