customs
税関
解説 Definition
customs は custom（慣習、関税）の複数形に由来する形ですが、ここでは「税関」という意味です。空港や国境で、荷物や持ち込み品を確認する場所や制度を指します。
The government service that checks goods and luggage entering or leaving a country and collects any required duties. The word can also refer to the checkpoint or procedures through which international travelers pass.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
custom（慣習・関税）に複数語尾 -s が付いた形で、語末は /z/ と発音する。ただし customs は通常、複数の「慣習」ではなく、国境で品物を検査し関税を扱う「税関・税関手続き」を表す。go through customs（税関を通る）、at customs（税関で）を場面ごと覚えるとよい。
Connect customs with custom plus the plural ending -s, pronounced /z/ here. Historically, established charges on imported goods helped develop this specialized sense. In modern travel, customs usually means the government service, checkpoint, or process that examines what people bring across a border, not a collection of social traditions. Picture arriving at an airport, collecting your suitcase, and then going through customs. Useful combinations include customs officer, customs declaration, clear customs, and at customs.
例文
We went through customs quickly.
私たちはすぐに税関を通りました。
Customs checked my bag at the airport.
空港で税関が私のバッグを確認しました。
You must show this form at customs.
この書類を税関で見せる必要があります。
customs の類義語・関連語
customs の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 consuetudo（習慣）から古フランス語 coustume を経て英語に入った。con-（共に）+ suescere（慣れる）が語根。元は「慣習としての通行税」を意味し、現在の「税関」の意味に発展。関連語: custom（習慣）, costume（衣装＝地域の習慣的服装）。
Customs is historically the plural of custom, which entered English through Old French from Latin consuetudo, meaning an established practice or habit. Custom later referred to a customary payment or duty imposed on goods. The plural form customs consequently became the usual term for import duties and for the government department that administers them, eventually also denoting the border checkpoint and inspection process.
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