defeatist
敗北主義者
解説 Definition
勝てないと最初から諦める考え方を持つ人。負けを前提とした消極的な態度。
A defeatist is a person who expects failure and believes trying harder will not help. The word is often used for someone whose negative attitude makes other people lose confidence or motivation.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
まず defeat「打ち負かす・敗北させる」を確実に思い出し、そこに -ist「その立場の人」が付いていると見ると整理しやすいです。つまり defeatist は『負けを前提にする人』。単なる loser のように実際に負けた人ではなく、始まる前から『どうせ勝てない』と考えるタイプです。 defeatist attitude / defeatist talk の形でも見かけます。 pessimistic に近いですが、defeatist は特に勝負・挑戦・交渉で最初から戦意がしぼんでいる感じを伴います。
Start with `defeat`, then add `-ist`, meaning a person with that attitude. A defeatist is someone who expects defeat before the fight even starts. Remember common pairs like `defeatist attitude` or `defeatist talk`.
例文
As a defeatist, he persuaded the team not to attempt the problem.
敗北主義者の彼は、チームにその問題への挑戦を諦めさせた。
Don't be such a defeatist — we still have a chance to win this game.
そんなに弱気にならないで。まだこの試合に勝つチャンスはある。
The coach called anyone who expected another loss a defeatist.
コーチは、また負けると思っている者を敗北主義者と呼んだ。
defeatist の類義語・関連語
defeatist の語源・成り立ち Etymology
defeatistはdefeat「敗北させる」と、人を表す接尾辞-istから成る語です。defeatは古フランス語desfaire、さらにラテン語dis-「離して」+ facere「作る」に由来し、defeatismとも同根。最初から敗北を前提に考える人、という意味で「敗北主義者」になります。
Defeatist is formed from defeat and the ending -ist, meaning a person connected with an idea or attitude. Defeat comes through Old French from Latin roots meaning roughly "to undo" or "unmake," from dis- "apart" and facere "to make"; it is related to defeatism. The newer word came to mean someone who expects defeat in advance or accepts it too easily.
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