oversupply
供給過剰
解説 Definition
需要を上回る量の商品が市場に出回っている供給過剰の状態。
Oversupply is a situation where more of something is available than people want or need. It is often used in business, farming, and economics, and it can lead to lower prices or waste.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
over + supply で「供給しすぎた状態」と切ると覚えやすいです。supply は「供給する・供給」、over は overeat や overwork と同じく「やりすぎ」。つまり needed supply ではなく too much supply。市場や在庫の話で使われ、an oversupply of housing / oil の形が頻出。反対は shortage。overproduction は「作りすぎ」、oversupply は「市場に出回る供給が多すぎる」と意識すると混同しにくくなります。
This word is easy to hold if you break it into `over` + `supply`. Think of `overwork` or `overeat`: `over-` often means too much. So `oversupply` is the market idea of too much supply, and it often appears in phrases like `an oversupply of oil` or `housing`. To keep it clear, compare it with `shortage`, its opposite.
例文
The oversupply of oil caused prices to drop sharply on the global market.
石油の供給過剰により、世界市場で価格が急落した。
An oversupply of graduates in that field made it difficult to find jobs.
その分野の卒業生の供給過剰により、就職が困難になった。
The company struggled with oversupply after consumer demand suddenly declined.
消費者需要が急激に減少した後、その企業は供給過剰に苦しんだ。
oversupply の類義語・関連語
oversupply の語源・成り立ち Etymology
oversupply は over「過度に」と supply「供給」の複合語です。supply は古フランス語を経てラテン語 supplere「満たす」（sub-「下から」+ plere「満たす」）にさかのぼり、「必要以上に満たす」から「供給過剰」となります。関連語に supplement, supply。
Oversupply is a compound of over- and supply. Supply came through Old French from Latin supplere, meaning "to fill up," from sub- and plere "fill." So oversupply originally suggests filling beyond what is needed, which led to the modern sense of excessive supply.
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