defeatism
敗北主義
解説 Definition
失敗や敗北が避けられないと考え、努力をあきらめる心理状態。困難な状況に対して悲観的で投げやりな態度をとること。
Defeatism is the attitude of expecting failure and believing that trying will not help. It is often used when people give up too early in difficult situations such as politics, sports, or work. The word usually has a negative meaning because it suggests a lack of hope or effort.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
まず defeat「負かす・敗北させる」が見えているかを確認し、そこに -ism「主義・考え方」が付いた形だと捉えると覚えやすいです。つまり defeatism は「負けを前提にする考え方」。一度の defeat ではなく、まだ戦う前から『どうせ無理だ』と構える心理を表します。defeatist はその人、defeatism はその態度。単なる pessimism よりも、努力や抵抗をやめるニュアンスが強い点を意識すると定着します。
See `defeat` inside it first. Then add `-ism`, which often means an idea or attitude, so `defeatism` is the mindset of expecting defeat before the fight is even over. It is stronger than simple pessimism because it suggests giving up resistance.
例文
His defeatism prevented him from trying harder.
彼は敗北主義に陥っていたため、もっと努力しようとしなかった。
We must overcome defeatism and face the challenges.
我々は敗北主義を克服し、課題に直面しなければならない。
Defeatism is not a productive attitude in business.
敗北主義はビジネスにおいて生産的な態度ではない。
defeatism の類義語・関連語
defeatism の語源・成り立ち Etymology
defeatism は defeat「敗北」+ -ism「主義」から成る語で、defeat は古フランス語 desfaire、さらにラテン語 dis- + facere「作る」にさかのぼります。関連語に defeatist, fact があり、もとは「作ったものを壊す・無にする」感覚から、敗北を前提にする思想を表します。
Defeatism is built from defeat + -ism. Defeat comes through Old French desfaire, from Latin dis- plus facere "to make, do," and it originally had the sense of undoing or unmaking something. From that idea of bringing something to ruin, the word later developed into the sense of accepting defeat in advance; related words include defeatist and fact.
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