落ちた
解説 Definition
fallen は fall（落ちる）の過去分詞です。完了形で「落ちた」、または名詞の前で「落ちた状態の」という意味を表します。
Fallen is the past participle of fall. It is used in perfect verb forms to describe something that has moved downward, and before a noun it can describe a person or thing that is lying or has come down from a higher position.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
fall「落ちる」の不規則な過去分詞で、変化は fall–fell–fallen です。過去形 fell と混同せず、have fallen や had fallen の完了形、fallen leaves「落ち葉」のような名詞前の形容詞的用法で覚えます。発音は /ˈfɔːlən/ で、語尾の -en は弱く発音されます。
Learn the irregular three-part pattern fall–fell–fallen. Fell is the simple past, while fallen is the past participle, so it normally follows have, has, or had: A leaf has fallen and The cup had fallen. It can also appear before a noun with an adjective-like function, as in fallen apples or fallen leaves. Pronounce it /ˈfɔːlən/, with a weak second syllable. Picture fruit first falling from a tree and then lying on the ground as fallen fruit; this sequence connects the base action with the resulting state.
例文
A leaf has fallen on the ground.
葉が地面に落ちています。
The cup had fallen from the table.
カップはテーブルから落ちていました。
We picked up the fallen apples.
私たちは落ちたリンゴを拾いました。
fallen の類義語・関連語
fallen の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語 feallan（落ちる）の過去分詞形。ゲルマン祖語 *fallaną に遡り、ドイツ語 fallen と同根。元は「高所から下へ動く」という物理的な意味で、後に「堕落する・陥落する」など抽象的意味にも拡大。関連語: fall（落ちる）、waterfall（滝）。
Fallen is the inherited past participle of fall. It descends from Old English feallen, the participial form of feallan, “to fall,” and ultimately from a Proto-Germanic verb also represented by German fallen. The -en ending is preserved in several old strong-verb participles in English. The word first described downward physical movement and later developed broader uses involving defeat, decline, or moral deterioration.
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