起きた
解説 Definition
risen は rise（起きる、上がる）の過去分詞です。人が起き上がった状態や、太陽・数値などが上がった状態を表すときに使われます。
The past participle of “rise,” used after forms of “have” or in related participial constructions to indicate that someone or something has moved upward, stood up, awakened, increased, or reached a higher position or level.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
risen は rise「上がる・起きる」の過去分詞で、強変化の三段活用 rise–rose–risen とまとめ、発音 /ˈrɪzən/ も確認します。過去形 rose と違い、risen は通常 have・has・had と組み、the sun has risen や prices have risen のように「上がった結果の状態」を表します。自動詞なので目的語を直接取りません。
Learn the strong-verb pattern as one unit: rise–rose–risen. Risen is the past participle, pronounced /ˈrɪzən/, so it normally follows has, have, or had: the sun has risen, prices have risen, or she had risen from her chair. Rose is the simple past and does not need have. Keep rise separate from raise: rise is usually intransitive, so the thing moves upward by itself, while someone raises an object. The image of movement from a lower position to a higher one connects waking, standing, sunrise, and numerical increases.
例文
The child had risen before his parents woke up.
その子は両親が起きる前に起きていました。
By six o'clock, the sun had risen over the hill.
6時までには、太陽が丘の上に昇っていました。
She had risen from her chair to answer the door.
彼女は玄関に出るために椅子から立ち上がっていました。
risen の類義語・関連語
類義語
紛らわしい語
risen の語源・成り立ち Etymology
risenはriseの過去分詞で、古英語risan「立ち上がる・昇る」に由来します。さらにゲルマン祖語を通じて「上へ動く」という古い語根につながり、形の変化は強変化動詞の名残です。関連語にarise, uprisingがあります。
Risen is the inherited past participle of rise. Rise comes from Old English rīsan, meaning “to rise, stand up, or get up,” and belongs to an old Germanic strong-verb pattern. Instead of forming its past forms with -ed, the verb changes its internal vowel: rise, rose, risen. This ancient pattern survives in modern English. Related formations such as arise and uprising preserve the same broad image of upward movement, emergence, or standing against authority.
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