garrison
駐屯地
解説 Definition
Garrison は「駐屯地」や、そこに置かれる「守備隊」という意味です。地名や姓として Garrison と大文字で使われることもありますが、ここでは軍隊が駐在する場所を表します。
A garrison is a military post where troops are stationed to protect or control a particular place. The word can also denote the group of soldiers stationed there, although the examples here use it chiefly for the location.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
garrison は「兵を備えて守る」という歴史的な語形成を持ち、場所なら「駐屯地」、人の集団なら「守備隊」を表します。例文では return to、stand near、road to など場所を示す表現と結び付いているため、「兵士が常駐して防衛する拠点」と場面ごと覚えましょう。
Connect garrison with the idea of a place supplied with soldiers for defense. Historically, the word is related to a verb meaning “to equip or defend,” so picture a fortified post with troops permanently ready inside it. Context reveals whether it means the place or the soldiers: return to the garrison and the road to the garrison clearly refer to a location, while a garrison defending a town may refer to the troops themselves.
例文
The soldiers returned to the Garrison before night.
兵士たちは夜になる前に駐屯地へ戻りました。
A small Garrison stood near the river.
川の近くに小さな駐屯地がありました。
The road to the Garrison was closed after the storm.
嵐のあと、駐屯地へ向かう道は閉鎖されました。
garrison の類義語・関連語
garrison の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古フランス語 garison（防御・守備）から。語根は garnir（備える・守る）で、ゲルマン語 *warnjan（警告する）に遡る。garnish（飾る＝備え付ける）と同源。「兵を備え置く場所」が原義で、軍隊が常駐する砦や駐屯地を指すようになった。
Garrison entered English through Old French garison, meaning protection, defense, or a defensive force. It belongs to the same historical word group as Old French garnir, “to equip or provide,” which is also associated with English garnish in its older sense of furnishing something. The central development was from providing a place with defenders to the troops stationed there and then to their military post.
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