hades
冥界
解説 Definition
古代ギリシャ神話における死者の世界または地獄。冥王プルートが支配する暗い領域。
Hades is the underworld of ancient Greek mythology, the realm to which the dead were believed to go. The same name also identifies the god who ruled that realm, so the intended meaning depends on context.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
Hades は通常大文字で、ギリシャ神話の「冥界」と、その支配神「ハデス」の両方を指します。descend into Hades「冥界へ下る」、Hades ruled the dead「ハデスが死者を治めた」と、場所か神かを文脈で見分けます。一般的な「地獄」hell と完全に同じではなく、神話上の死者の領域です。
Remember that Hades has two closely connected uses in Greek mythology: it names the realm of the dead and the god who rules that realm. Context distinguishes them. In Orpheus descended into Hades, it is a place; in Hades ruled over the dead, it is the deity. The word is normally capitalized in both uses. Associate it with phrases such as the underworld and descend into Hades. Although Hades is sometimes translated as hell, it more precisely refers to the Greek mythological world of the dead, not necessarily a place only for punishment.
例文
In Greek mythology, Hades is the underworld.
ギリシャ神話では、ハデスは冥界である。
Orpheus descended into Hades to find Eurydice.
オルフェウスはユーリディケを探すために冥界に降りた。
The god Hades ruled over the dead.
ハデスの神は死者たちを支配する冥界を統治した。
hades の類義語・関連語
hades の語源・成り立ち Etymology
Hades はギリシャ語 Haides／Aides に由来し、a-『〜ない』+ idein『見る』から『見えない者・見えぬ世界』という含みをもちます。そこから冥界の王ハデス、さらに冥界そのものを指す語になりました。関連語は idea, ideal です。
Hades comes through Latin from Greek Haidēs or Aidēs. Its name has traditionally been interpreted as containing a negative element and a root connected with seeing, giving the sense “the unseen one.” The name first designated the god of the underworld and was also applied to his realm. This traditional explanation accords with the underworld as an invisible domain removed from the world of the living.
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