hyperthyroidism
甲状腺機能亢進症
解説 Definition
甲状腺ホルモンが過剰に分泌される疾患。動悸や体重減少などの症状が現れる。
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland produces too much hormone. This makes the body's systems work too fast, so it is often discussed in medical contexts about symptoms such as weight loss, a fast heartbeat, and nervousness.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
まず hyper- を hyperactive の「過剰な・活発すぎる」と結びつけると、病名全体の方向がつかめます。医学語では hypo- が「低下」、hyper- が「亢進」で対になるので、hypothyroidism（機能低下症）とセットで覚えると混同しにくいです。さらに -ism は「状態」と見て、「thyroid が hyper な状態」と分解すると保持しやすい。体重減少や動悸など、代謝が上がりすぎる場面と結びつけると定着します。
Start with `hyper-`, which means overactive or too much. Then see `thyroid` in the middle, and `-ism` as a medical condition or state. It is much easier to remember if you learn it as the opposite of `hypothyroidism`.
例文
Hyperthyroidism causes symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, weight loss, and anxiety.
甲状腺機能亢進症は、動悸、体重減少、不安などの症状を引き起こす。
The doctor diagnosed her with hyperthyroidism after blood tests revealed elevated hormone levels.
血液検査でホルモン値の上昇が判明し、医師は彼女を甲状腺機能亢進症と診断した。
Treatment for hyperthyroidism may include medication, radioactive iodine, or surgery.
甲状腺機能亢進症の治療には、薬物療法、放射性ヨウ素治療、または手術が含まれることがある。
hyperthyroidism の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
hyperthyroidism の語源・成り立ち Etymology
hyperthyroidism は hyper-「過度に」+ thyroid「甲状腺」+ -ism「状態」から成る医学語です。thyroid はギリシャ語 thyreoeidēs「盾形の」に由来し、hyperactive と同じ hyper- を持つので、『甲状腺が働きすぎる状態』と理解できます。
This medical word is built from Greek-based parts: hyper- meaning "over" or "too much," thyroid, and -ism meaning a condition. Thyroid comes from Greek thyreoeidēs, meaning "shield-shaped," first used for the gland's shape. Over time, the whole word came to mean a condition in which the thyroid is overly active.
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