hypothyroidism
甲状腺機能低下症
解説 Definition
甲状腺が十分なホルモンを生産できない状態。代謝が低下し、疲労や体重増加などが起こります。
Hypothyroidism is a medical condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough hormones. It is used in healthcare when talking about metabolism, tiredness, weight changes, and related body functions. This is a technical term, so it is mainly seen in medical information rather than everyday conversation.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
覚える軸は hypo- と hyper- の対比です。hyperthyroidism が「甲状腺機能亢進症」なら、その反対の hypo- は「低い・足りない」。つまり hypothyroidism は「甲状腺ホルモンが足りず、働きが鈍い状態」と取りやすくなります。medical English では hypo=低下、hyper=過剰 のペアが頻出なので、セットで覚えると強いです。説明では underactive thyroid という言い換えもよく見ます。疲れやすい、代謝が落ちる、体重が増えやすい場面と結びつけると定着しやすく、つづりが似た hyperthyroidism との取り違えに注意です。
The key memory hook is the pair `hypo-` and `hyper-`. If `hyperthyroidism` is too much thyroid activity, `hypothyroidism` is the opposite: too little. You can also connect it with the common phrase `underactive thyroid`.
例文
Her hypothyroidism was discovered during a routine medical checkup.
彼女の甲状腺機能低下症は定期的な健康診断で発見されました。
Patients with hypothyroidism typically take levothyroxine as treatment.
甲状腺機能低下症の患者は通常、レボチロキシンを治療薬として服用します。
The symptoms of hypothyroidism include fatigue and weight gain.
甲状腺機能低下症の症状には、疲労と体重増加が含まれます。
hypothyroidism の類義語・関連語
hypothyroidism の語源・成り立ち Etymology
「hypothyroidism」は hypo-「不足」+ thyroid「甲状腺」+ -ism「状態」から成り、thyroid はギリシャ語の「盾」由来で「盾形の」を表す。hyperthyroidism や thyroxine と同根で、甲状腺の働きが落ちた状態だと語形からそのまま読める。
Hypothyroidism is made from hypo- "low" or "under," thyroid, and -ism "condition." Thyroid comes from Greek thyreoeidēs, meaning "shield-shaped," because of the shape of the gland. The full word developed to name the condition in which the thyroid works too little. Related words include hyperthyroidism and thyroxine.
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