lain
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覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
lain は自動詞 lie「横たわる・置かれている」の過去分詞で、活用は lie–lay–lain、発音は /leɪn/ です。have lain、had lain のように完了形で使い、目的語は取りません。lay–laid–laid「何かを置く」と混同せず、「自分が横たわるなら lie、その完了が lain」と一組で覚えましょう。
Learn the complete pattern lie–lay–lain: today you lie down, yesterday you lay down, and you have lain there for some time. Lain is pronounced /leɪn/, like lane, and normally follows have, has, or had. The key grammatical clue is that this lie is intransitive: the person or thing rests or remains somewhere without acting on an object. Contrast it with lay–laid–laid, which means to put something down and normally requires an object. Thus, “She has lain down” differs from “She has laid the book down.”
lain の類義語・関連語
対義語
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lain の語源・成り立ち Etymology
「lain」は「lie（横たわる）」の過去分詞で、古英語「licgan」に由来します。印欧祖語根「*legh-」から派生し、同根語に「lay」と「ledge」があります。寝そべる動作が完了したことにより「横たわった状態」を表す分詞形へと発展した経緯が納得できます。
Lain is the inherited past participle of lie in the sense “to rest horizontally.” Lie descends from Old English licgan, while its older participial forms developed into modern lain. The verb belongs to a Germanic word family traced to the Indo-European root *legh-, associated with lying or being situated. Lay is historically related but developed as the causative verb meaning “cause something to lie,” which explains the modern grammatical contrast.
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