malaria
マラリア
解説 Definition
malaria はマラリアという感染症を指す名詞です。日本語の「マラリア」とほぼ同じ意味で、蚊を通じて広がる病気について話すときに使います。
A serious infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites and transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. It commonly produces fever, chills, and other flu-like symptoms and can be fatal without appropriate prevention and treatment.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
malaria はイタリア語 mala aria「悪い空気」に由来します。昔、沼地の空気が病気を起こすと考えられた名残ですが、実際には感染した蚊が媒介します。catch、contract、prevent、treat malaria や malaria parasite という組み合わせで、病名を表す不可算名詞として覚えましょう。
Remember malaria through its historical formation from Italian mala aria, literally “bad air.” The name preserves an old belief that unhealthy air around marshes caused the illness, although malaria is actually spread by infected mosquitoes. This contrast makes the word memorable: the name points to air, but the real transmission route is a mosquito bite. Learn it in practical combinations such as contract malaria, prevent malaria, treat malaria, malaria parasite, and malaria medication. As the name of a disease, malaria is normally used without an article and does not take a regular plural in ordinary usage.
例文
Malaria is a serious disease.
マラリアは深刻な病気です。
The doctor explained the signs of malaria.
医師はマラリアの症状について説明しました。
Many health workers study ways to prevent malaria.
多くの医療従事者がマラリアを防ぐ方法を研究しています。
malaria の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
malaria の語源・成り立ち Etymology
malaria はイタリア語 mala aria「悪い空気」から来た語で、昔は沼地の病気が不気味な空気で起こると考えられた。mala は「悪い」、aria は「空気」で、malady や aerial も関連する。「悪い空気」という名に当時の病因理解が残る。
Malaria entered English through Italian malaria, formed from mala, “bad,” and aria, “air.” The term reflects the former belief that foul air from marshy places produced the disease. Later medical research established that Plasmodium parasites cause malaria and that infected Anopheles mosquitoes transmit them. The historical name remained even after this explanation replaced the “bad air” theory. Italian aria ultimately comes from Latin aer, “air.”
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