サンガ
解説 Definition
sangha は仏教の修行者や信者の共同体、または僧団を指す語です。日本語の「サンガ」とほぼ同じ意味で使われますが、英語では仏教文脈の共同体を説明する語として用いられることが多いです。
A sangha is a Buddhist community of practitioners. Depending on the tradition and context, it may refer specifically to an ordained monastic order or more broadly to monks, nuns, and lay followers who practice together.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
サンスクリット語 saṅgha「集まり・共同体」から来た仏教語で、人々が共に修行する集団という核を押さえます。英語では local sangha、a sangha of monks and lay members のように使い、僧侶だけの僧団を指す場合と、在家信者を含む仏教共同体を指す場合がある点に注意します。
Remember sangha through its central idea of people gathering as a Buddhist community. The word comes from Sanskrit saṅgha, “assembly” or “community,” so phrases such as local sangha and a sangha of monks and lay members fit naturally. Context determines the scope: in some traditional uses, the term refers especially to the ordained monastic community; in broader modern English use, it may include laypeople who meditate, study, or practice Buddhism together. Think “a community joined by Buddhist practice,” not simply any social group.
例文
The local sangha meets every Sunday for meditation.
地元のサンガは毎週日曜日に瞑想のために集まります。
She learned basic Buddhist practice from a small sangha.
彼女は小さなサンガから仏教の基本的な実践を学びました。
The temple supports a sangha of monks and lay members.
その寺は僧侶と在家信者からなるサンガを支えています。
sangha の類義語・関連語
類義語
紛らわしい語
sangha の語源・成り立ち Etymology
sangha はサンスクリット語 saṅgha「集まり・共同体」に由来し、saṃ-「共に」＋ han「まとめる」に分けて考えられます。関連語に samgha、sangh があり、仏教で僧団を表すのは“人々が一つに集まったもの”という原義そのままです。
Sangha is borrowed from Sanskrit saṅgha, meaning an assembly, association, or community. The Sanskrit form is traditionally analyzed as containing an element meaning “together,” reflecting the idea of people brought into a group. In Buddhist usage, it became a central term for the community of practitioners, especially the ordained order of monks and nuns, and it later entered English in discussions of Buddhist institutions and practice.
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