支払能力
解説 Definition
借金を返済する能力、特に債務を履行する財政的な力。経済的な支払い能力。
Solvency is the ability of a person, company, or organization to pay its debts and meet its financial responsibilities. It is often used in business, banking, and economics. If someone has solvency, they are financially stable enough to keep paying what they owe.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
核は solv-。まず solve を思い出し、「お金の問題をきちんと解決できる状態」と結びつけると残りやすいです。形容詞 solvent（支払い可能な）に、状態を表す -cy が付いて solvency になった、と形で覚えると整理しやすいです。反対語は insolvent。ニュースや会計では maintain solvency, threaten a firm's solvency の形で出やすく、単なる現金不足より「債務を履行できるか」に焦点があります。
Notice the `solv-` part and connect it with `solve`. `Solvency` is the state of being able to solve money problems and pay what is owed. It also helps to link it with `solvent` and the opposite word `insolvent`.
例文
The company's solvency improved after it implemented cost-cutting measures.
その会社がコスト削減策を実施した後、支払能力が改善した。
Banks assess a borrower's solvency before approving loans.
銀行はローンを承認する前に借り手の支払能力を評価する。
The government questioned the airline's long-term solvency.
政府は航空会社の長期的な支払能力に疑問を呈した。
solvency の類義語・関連語
solvency の語源・成り立ち Etymology
solvency はラテン語 solvere「ゆるめる・解き放つ」から来た solvent に -cy が付いた語で、語幹 solv- が核です。借金や義務を“ほどいて片づけられる”状態が元の発想で、solve や dissolve も同根だと知ると、支払能力の意味が立体的に見えます。
Solvency comes from solvent, which goes back to Latin solvere, meaning "to loosen," "untie," or "set free." The basic idea was of releasing or settling an obligation, especially a debt. From that, solvency came to mean the state of being able to pay what is owed. Solve and dissolve come from the same root.
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