spirited
元気な
解説 Definition
spirited は spirit（元気づける、鼓舞する）の過去形・過去分詞と同じ形です。形容詞としては、元気な、活気のある、気力に満ちたという意味で、人や議論、演技などに使われます。
Spirited describes a person, performance, effort, speech, or discussion that shows plenty of energy, courage, determination, or enthusiasm. It often suggests lively and forceful participation rather than merely being cheerful or pleasant.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
spirited は spirit「精神、活気」に -ed が付いた形で、「活気を備えた」と捉えると覚えやすい語です。a spirited speech、a spirited effort、a spirited discussion のように、話・努力・議論がエネルギーと意欲に満ちる場面で使います。単に cheerful「陽気な」ではなく、力強さや熱意を含む点が要点です。
See spirited as spirit plus -ed: something spirited seems filled with spirit, energy, and determination. This makes common phrases easy to remember—a spirited speech sounds energetic and forceful, a spirited effort shows courage and persistence, and a spirited discussion involves lively participation. Do not reduce it to cheerful. Cheerful mainly concerns a happy mood, while spirited often emphasizes vigor, enthusiasm, or boldness. The same written form can be related to the verb spirit, but in these examples it functions as an adjective.
例文
She gave a spirited speech.
彼女は元気あふれるスピーチをしました。
The team made a spirited effort.
そのチームは気力に満ちた努力をしました。
We enjoyed a spirited discussion after class.
授業の後、私たちは活発な話し合いを楽しみました。
spirited の類義語・関連語
派生語
紛らわしい語
spirited の語源・成り立ち Etymology
spirited は spirit に形容詞化の -ed が付いた語で、spirit はラテン語 spiritus「息・魂・活気」が古フランス語を経て入ったものです。『魂や息が満ちている』感覚から『元気な、活気ある』となり、同根の inspire や respiration にも『息』の核があります。
Spirited is built from spirit and the suffix -ed, with the sense “possessing or filled with spirit.” Spirit entered English through Old French from Latin spiritus, meaning “breath,” and then “life, soul, or vigor.” Latin spiritus is related to spirare, “to breathe.” The development from breath to vital energy explains why spirited describes lively, courageous, or enthusiastic behavior. Words such as inspire and respiration preserve other parts of this historical association with breathing.
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