取られた
解説 Definition
taken は take（取る、持っていく）の過去分詞です。「取られた」「持っていかれた」という意味で、be taken の形でよく使います。席や物がすでに誰かに使われている場合にも使われます。
Taken is the irregular past participle of take. In passive constructions it can mean removed, carried away, selected, occupied, or already in someone’s possession or use, as when a seat is unavailable.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
take の不規則な過去分詞が taken で、規則的な taked にはなりません。take /teɪk/ に対し taken は /ˈteɪkən/ と二音節です。have taken では完了、be taken では「取られる・使用中」を表します。This seat is taken. を「席がすでに誰かに確保されている」定型場面として覚えましょう。
Taken is the irregular past participle of take, not a regular form such as taked. Compare the one-syllable take /teɪk/ with the two-syllable taken /ˈteɪkən/. Learn its grammar through two frames: have taken for a completed action and be taken for a passive state or event. In “My pen was taken,” someone removed the pen; in “This seat is taken,” the seat is already occupied or reserved. That familiar seat expression is a useful anchor for the broader idea that something has been taken into another person’s possession or use.
例文
My pen was taken.
私のペンは取られました。
This seat is taken.
この席は使われています。
The book was taken from the desk.
その本は机から取られました。
taken の類義語・関連語
類義語
紛らわしい語
taken の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語 tacan（取る）の過去分詞形で、古ノルド語 taka（つかむ）からの借用語。印欧祖語 *deh₁g-（触れる）に遡る。関連語: take（取る）、mistake（mis-＋take＝誤って取る→間違い）。北欧ヴァイキングの影響で英語に入った語。
Taken is the inherited irregular past participle of take. Take entered Old English through Old Norse taka, meaning to grasp or seize, during the period of strong Scandinavian influence on English. The participial form developed within the Germanic verb system rather than by adding the modern regular ending -ed. Mistake contains the same verb historically, with mis- indicating an erroneous action. Modern taken preserves both the old irregular formation and the central idea of something having been grasped, removed, or received.
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