着手された
解説 Definition
undertaken は undertake（引き受ける、着手する）の過去分詞です。仕事や計画などが着手された、または引き受けられたことを表す受け身や完了形でよく使います。
Undertaken is the past participle of undertake, used when a task, project, survey, or responsibility has been accepted, begun, or carried out. It frequently occurs in passive constructions, indicating that an activity was performed or initiated by someone.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
undertake（引き受ける・着手する）の不規則な過去分詞で、undertake–undertook–undertaken と変化します。take–took–taken と同じ母音変化を保つのが要点です。was undertaken なら「着手された・実施された」、has undertaken なら「引き受けた」と、受け身や完了形の型で覚えます。
Learn the irregular sequence undertake–undertook–undertaken alongside take–took–taken. The final part follows exactly the same vowel pattern, which makes the form easier to recall. In a passive sentence such as The survey was undertaken in May, it means the survey was begun or carried out. In a perfect construction, has undertaken a review means someone has accepted or started that responsibility. Associate the word with formal projects, work, studies, and reviews rather than with a simple physical action.
例文
The survey was undertaken in May.
その調査は5月に着手されました。
A review has been undertaken by the team.
チームによる見直しが行われています。
The work undertaken last year is now complete.
昨年着手された作業は現在完了しています。
undertaken の類義語・関連語
undertaken の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語 under（下に）+ taken（取る）から成り、「引き受ける」を意味する undertake の過去分詞。語根 take は古ノルド語 taka に由来。関連語: undertaker（葬儀屋＝引き受ける人）、overtake（追い越す）。「下から支えて受け取る」イメージが「責任を持って着手する」意味につながった。
Undertaken is the past participle of undertake, a compound of under and take. The verb developed in Middle English with the sense of taking something upon oneself, especially a duty or responsibility. Take was reinforced by Old Norse taka. The historical compound should not be interpreted too literally today: undertake conventionally means to accept responsibility for, begin, or carry out a task.
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