噛まれた
解説 Definition
bittenは「噛まれた」という意味で、bite（噛む）の過去分詞形である。人や動物に噛まれた状態や経験を表す。「once bitten, twice shy」（一度痛い目にあえば二度と同じことはしない）という慣用表現でも用いられる。
Bitten describes someone or something that has been wounded or gripped by a bite. It is the past participle of bite and is commonly used after be or have, as well as figuratively for becoming strongly affected by an enthusiasm or experience.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
bitten は bite「噛む」の過去分詞で、bite–bit–bitten と不規則変化する。語尾 -en を「行為を受けた状態」の目印にし、be bitten by a dog「犬に噛まれる」で覚える。比喩的な be bitten by the travel bug は「旅行熱に取りつかれる」。
Learn the full irregular pattern bite–bit–bitten. Bit is the simple past, while bitten is the past participle, so it appears in forms such as was bitten by a dog and has been bitten before. The -en ending helps mark the resulting or experienced state. Keep the literal image of teeth breaking or gripping something, then extend it to figurative expressions: someone bitten by the travel bug has developed a powerful desire to travel. The proverb once bitten, twice shy likewise connects a painful experience with later caution.
例文
She was bitten by a stray dog on her way home.
彼女は帰宅途中に野良犬に噛まれた。
He was bitten by the travel bug after his first trip abroad.
彼は初めての海外旅行で旅行熱に取りつかれた。
Once bitten by a snake, he became very cautious in the forest.
ヘビに噛まれてから、彼は森の中では非常に注意深くなった。
bitten の類義語・関連語
bitten の語源・成り立ち Etymology
bittenはbiteの過去分詞形から来た語で、biteは古英語bitan、さらにゲルマン祖語*bitanąにさかのぼり、『食い込んで裂く』感覚を持ちます。語尾-enは古い過去分詞語尾で、『噛む行為を受けた状態』だから『噛まれた』となり、bitやbiteも同根です。
Bitten is the past participle of bite, formed with the old participial ending -en. Bite descends from Old English bitan and ultimately from a Germanic verb meaning to bite or cut into with the teeth. The modern forms preserve an inherited vowel change: bite in the base form, bit in the past, and bitten in the past participle. The related noun bit developed from the same verbal family.
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