補欠選挙
解説 Definition
定期的な選挙ではなく、欠員が生じたときに催行される特別選挙。議員が死亡や辞職した際に行われる。
A byelection is an election held to fill a political position before the normal election date, usually because the previous person left the job. This term is mainly used in British and Commonwealth English.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
election が分かれば中心は『選挙』。覚える軸は by- を「本筋ではない追加の・脇で起きる」と見ること。byproduct や bystander の by- と同じ感覚で、定期の general election とは別に、議員の死亡・辞職などで欠員が出た時、その一議席だけを埋める選挙が by-election。英字ニュースでは hyphen 付きの by-election も多く、trigger a by-election, win a by-election の形で覚えると実戦で拾いやすいです。
Start from `election`, then notice `by-`, which often suggests something secondary or additional, like in `byproduct`. So this is not the main national election, but an extra one for a single empty seat. Remember common news phrases like `trigger a by-election` or `win a by-election`.
例文
A byelection was called after the senator's unexpected resignation.
上院議員の突然の辞職を受けて、補欠選挙が行われることになりました。
The byelection filled the vacant seat after the representative resigned.
議員の辞職で空席となった議席は、補欠選挙によって埋まりました。
The mayor's death led to a byelection to choose a replacement.
市長の死去を受け、後任を選ぶ補欠選挙が行われました。
byelection の類義語・関連語
紛らわしい語
byelection の語源・成り立ち Etymology
byelectionはby-『脇の・付随的な』とelection『選挙』から成り、by-は古英語bi、electionはラテン語eligere『選び出す』に由来します。bywayやbyproductのby-も同根で、文字どおり『本筋の選挙の脇で行う選挙』だと分かると補欠選挙の意味が腑に落ちます。
Byelection is made from by- and election. Here by- means something secondary or aside from the main course, from Old English bi, while election comes from Latin eligere, "to choose out." The word therefore meant an election held outside the regular general election, and it became the standard term for filling a seat that becomes vacant. Related words include byway, byproduct, and election.
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