compacted
圧縮された
解説 Definition
compacted は compact（圧縮する、詰め固める）の過去形・過去分詞で、形容詞としては圧縮された、固く詰まったという意味です。土やごみ、データなどが密にまとめられた状態を表します。
Compacted describes material that has been pressed, packed, or compressed into a smaller, denser, or firmer mass. It is commonly used of soil, snow, waste, or other substances whose empty spaces have been reduced by pressure.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
compacted は動詞 compact「押し固める」の過去分詞が形容詞化した語です。compact /kəmˈpækt/ に -ed を付け、語末が /t/ なので compacted /kəmˈpæktɪd/ と一音節増えます。compacted soil、trash、snow のように、圧力や踏み付けで隙間が減り、固く密になった状態を思い浮かべましょう。
Treat compacted as the past participle of the verb compact, meaning to press material closely together. Add -ed to compact; because the base ends in the /t/ sound, the ending is pronounced /ɪd/, giving compacted /kəmˈpæktɪd/ an extra syllable. Picture loose soil being repeatedly pressed until it becomes hard to dig. The same image works for compacted trash, which occupies less space, and compacted snow, which has been packed firm by feet or vehicles. The key contrast is loose versus dense: compacted material has less space between its parts.
例文
The compacted soil was difficult to dig with a small shovel.
固く締まった土は、小さなシャベルでは掘りにくいものでした。
Compacted trash takes up less space in the container.
圧縮されたごみは、容器の中で場所を取りません。
The workers removed the compacted snow from the entrance.
作業員たちは入口から踏み固められた雪を取り除きました。
compacted の類義語・関連語
compacted の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 compactus（com-「共に」+ pangere「固定する」）が語源。複数のものを一つに押し固めるイメージ。関連語：compact（小型の）、impact（衝撃＝中に打ち込む）。「共に固める」から「圧縮された」の意味が生まれた。
Compacted is the past-participle form of compact. Compact ultimately comes from Latin compactus, the past participle of compingere, meaning to fasten or join together. That verb combines com-, “together,” with pangere, “to fasten or fix.” The underlying image is of separate material being firmly joined or pressed into one dense mass, which led to the modern adjective describing packed soil, snow, waste, or data.
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