counterinsurgency
反乱鎮圧
解説 Definition
反政府勢力や反乱勢力に対抗するための軍事的および非軍事的戦略と作戦。
Counterinsurgency is military or political action taken to fight and control an armed rebellion against a government. It is often used in discussions of war, security, and foreign policy. The word usually includes both combat and efforts to win support from local people.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
長い語ですが、まず counter + insurgency の2つに切ると覚えやすいです。counter は counterattack と同じく「対抗する」、insurgency は insurgent（反乱兵・反政府勢力）や insurrection（反乱）と同じグループだと押さえると意味がまとまります。使われ方は counterinsurgency operations のように、単なる攻撃ではなく、治安維持・住民保護・情報戦まで含む「反乱鎮圧」の文脈が多いです。counterterrorism との混同にも注意。
Split this long word into `counter` + `insurgency`. `Counter` means against, as in `counterattack`, and `insurgency` belongs with `insurgent` and `insurrection`. Remember it as the kind of word you see in phrases like `counterinsurgency operations`, not just simple fighting.
例文
The military developed a counterinsurgency strategy to combat the uprising.
軍隊は蜂起に対抗するための反乱鎮圧戦略を開発した。
Counterinsurgency requires both military force and civilian engagement.
反乱鎮圧には、軍事力と民間の関与の両方が必要である。
The government invested heavily in counterinsurgency operations in the region.
政府はその地域での反乱鎮圧作戦に大きく投資した。
counterinsurgency の類義語・関連語
counterinsurgency の語源・成り立ち Etymology
counterinsurgency は counter- + insurgency「反乱」で、insurgency はラテン語 insurgere「立ち上がる」に由来。核は「立ち上がるものを抑えること」で、insurgent や insurrection も同根だから、反乱が「立ち上がり」と見える。
Counterinsurgency is built from counter- and insurgency. Insurgency comes from Latin insurgere, meaning "to rise up" or "stand up against." The word originally suggests action against people who rise up in revolt, and it is related to English words like insurgent and insurrection.
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