disincentives
阻害要因
解説 Definition
人々が何かをすることを思いとどまらせるもの。行動を抑止する要因。
Disincentives are things that make people less willing to do something. They are often discussed in business, economics, or policy when costs, risks, or rules discourage an action.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
まず incentive を核にして覚えると定着しやすいです。incentive は「やる気を与えるもの、誘因」。そこに否定・反転の dis- が付くので disincentives は「やる気をそぐ要因」。obstacle のような単なる障害より、「やると損そうなので、あえて動かない」感覚が強い語です。incentives と対で覚えるのが最短。政策・経済文脈で tax disincentives, disincentives to work / invest が頻出し、複数形で並ぶことが多い点も記憶フックになります。
Start with `incentive`, something that pushes people to act. Then add `dis-`, which often gives a negative or opposite feeling, so `disincentives` are things that make people not want to act. This is stronger than a simple obstacle because it suggests a reason to avoid doing something. Learn it as a pair with `incentives`.
例文
High taxes act as disincentives for business investment.
高い税金は企業投資の足かせになる。
The policy creates disincentives for employees to take additional training.
この政策は、従業員が追加研修を受ける意欲をそぐ。
Financial penalties serve as disincentives to illegal dumping.
罰金は違法投棄の抑止力となる。
disincentives の語源・成り立ち Etymology
disincentives は dis-「打ち消す」+ incentive「動機づけ」。incentive は中世ラテン語 incentivum を経てラテン語 incinere「調子をつける・駆り立てる」に由来し、「やる気に火をつけるもの」を反転させて「やる気をそぐ阻害要因」となった。関連語は incentive, incentivize。
Disincentives combines dis-, meaning reversal or negation, with incentive. Incentive comes through Medieval Latin from a Latin verb meaning to set the tune or stir up, so it originally suggested something that fires a person into action. With dis-, the idea became something that reduces or removes motivation; related words include incentive and incentivize.
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