disincentives
意味一覧 (2件)
意欲をそぐもの
解説 Definition
何かをしようという気持ちを弱めるものを指す名詞です。報酬が少ない、費用や手間が大きい、失敗時の損があるなど、人が行動を避けたくなる理由として使われます。政策、仕事、学習、買い物など幅広い文脈で使われます。
Disincentives are things that make people less willing to do something. They can include low rewards, high costs, extra effort, or the risk of losing something if things go badly. The word is often used when talking about policy, work, study, shopping, and other situations where people decide whether an action is worth it.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
incentive は「やる気を起こさせるもの、誘因」です。先頭の dis- は dislike や disappear のように、否定や反対方向の感覚を加えます。つまり disincentive は「行動したい気持ちを下げるもの」。obstacle のように物理的に邪魔する物ではなく、「面倒だ、損だ、やめておこう」と思わせる理由に焦点があります。incentives and disincentives の対で、報酬と罰、利益と負担を比べる文脈でよく出ます。
Think of incentive as something that gives you a reason to act. The prefix dis- adds a negative or opposite feeling, so disincentive is something that lowers your desire to do it. It is not just a physical barrier like an obstacle; it is more like a reason to think, "It is too much trouble," "I may lose money," or "I should not bother." You will often see it in the pair incentives and disincentives when people compare rewards and costs.
例文
High taxes on small bonuses can create disincentives for workers to take extra shifts.
少額のボーナスに高い税がかかると、労働者が追加の勤務を引き受ける意欲をそぐものになりえます。
For many students, long commutes and heavy homework are disincentives to joining after-school clubs.
多くの生徒にとって、長い通学時間や多い宿題は放課後の部活に参加する意欲をそぐものです。
The company removed several disincentives to online ordering by lowering delivery fees and simplifying returns.
その会社は配送料を下げ、返品を簡単にすることで、オンライン注文への意欲をそぐものをいくつか取り除きました。
阻害要因
(意味 2)解説 Definition
人々が何かをすることを思いとどまらせるもの。行動を抑止する要因。
Disincentives are things that make people less willing to do something. They are often discussed in business, economics, or policy when costs, risks, or rules discourage an action.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
このエントリでは、disincentives を「意欲をそぐもの」という個人の気持ちよりも、制度・条件・環境の中で行動や活動を妨げる「阻害要因」として覚えます。incentive が人や組織を動かす誘因なら、disincentive はその流れを弱める要因です。tax disincentives や regulatory disincentives のように、税制・規制・費用が投資、労働、参加などを進みにくくする文脈で出やすい語です。
Start with `incentive`, something that pushes people to act. Then add `dis-`, which often gives a negative or opposite feeling, so `disincentives` are things that make people not want to act. This is stronger than a simple obstacle because it suggests a reason to avoid doing something. Learn it as a pair with `incentives`.
例文
High taxes act as disincentives for business investment.
高い税金はビジネス投資を阻害する要因として機能する。
The policy creates disincentives for employees to take additional training.
この政策は従業員が追加訓練を受けることに対する阻害要因を生み出す。
Financial penalties serve as disincentives against illegal dumping.
罰金は違法投棄に対する阻害要因として機能する。
disincentives の語源・成り立ち Etymology
dis-「反対・否定」+ incentive「動機づけ」。incentive はラテン語 incinere「調子をつける、駆り立てる」に由来し、その働きを弱めるものを表す。
Disincentives comes from dis-, meaning "opposite" or "negative," plus incentive, meaning something that motivates action. Incentive ultimately comes from a Latin verb meaning "to set the tune" or "to stir up," and disincentive developed to mean something that weakens that motivation.
外部辞書で調べる
この単語を英単語クイズで覚えよう