dodging
回避
解説 Definition
dodging は dodge（避ける、身をかわす）の現在分詞・動名詞で、名詞としては「回避」という意味です。物理的に何かをよける場合にも、責任や質問などを避ける場合にも使われます。
The act of avoiding something by moving quickly out of its path, especially an attack, obstacle, or falling object. It can also refer more broadly to deliberately avoiding a question, duty, or responsibility.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 dodge「素早く避ける」の語末 e を落として -ing を付けます。g の直後に e がなくなっても綴りの dg が /dʒ/ を保つため、発音は /ˈdɒdʒɪŋ/ のようになります。dodging attacks・stones は身をかわす回避、dodging a question は質問逃れです。avoid よりも、迫るものに素早く反応してよける動きを強く感じさせます。
Link dodging to dodge, “to move quickly aside to avoid something.” Form it by dropping the final e and adding -ing. The dg spelling keeps the /dʒ/ sound, followed by /ɪŋ/. Picture a player dodging attacks from both sides or someone dodging falling stones with rapid changes of direction. This physical image also explains figurative uses such as dodging a question or dodging responsibility. Avoiding is neutral and broad; dodging suggests a quick, skillful, or sometimes dishonest attempt to escape something that is coming directly toward you.
例文
Dodging the falling stones was difficult.
落ちてくる石を避けるのは難しいことでした。
His quick dodging kept him safe during the game.
試合中、彼は素早く回避して身を守りました。
The player was good at dodging attacks from both sides.
その選手は両側からの攻撃を避けるのが上手でした。
dodging の類義語・関連語
dodging の語源・成り立ち Etymology
中英語dodgen（素早く身をかわす）が語源で、起源は不明だが北欧語系の影響が指摘される。語根は「素早く動いて避ける」意で、dodge自体が動詞から名詞化した。関連語：dodger（回避する人）、dodgy（怪しい）。身をひらりとかわす動作が原義。
Dodging is formed from dodge by dropping final e and adding -ing. Dodge appeared in English in the early modern period with the sense of moving suddenly to one side or shifting about. Its earlier origin is uncertain, so no specific deeper source can be stated confidently. The physical idea of a quick evasive movement later produced figurative uses for avoiding questions, duties, payments, or responsibilities. The suffix -ing turns the action into a participle or activity noun.
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