dyslexia
意味一覧 (2件)
読字障害
解説 Definition
dyslexia は、知能や学習意欲とは別に、文字を音や意味と結びつけて読むことが難しい状態を指します。教育・心理・医療の文脈で、子どもや成人の読み書き支援、学習上の配慮を話すときによく使われます。
Dyslexia is a condition in which a person has unusual difficulty connecting written letters and words with their sounds or meanings when reading. It is not simply caused by low intelligence or a lack of effort to learn. The word is often used in education, psychology, and medicine when people talk about reading support, writing support, or special accommodations for children and adults.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
`dys-` は dysfunction や disorder に出る「うまく働かない・困難」の合図、`lex-` は lexicon や lexical と同じ「語・文字」に関係する部分です。合わせて「文字や語を読む処理が難しい状態」と考えると、読字障害の意味につながります。教育では `students with dyslexia`、医療では `diagnose dyslexia` のように使われます。`aphasia` は言語を話す・理解する障害なので、読む困難が中心の dyslexia と分けて覚えると整理しやすいです。
The prefix dys- often appears in words about something not working well or being difficult, such as dysfunction or disorder. The part lex- is related to words and language, as in lexicon or lexical. Put them together, and dyslexia suggests difficulty processing words or letters in reading. To keep it clear, remember that aphasia is mainly about speaking or understanding language, while dyslexia is mainly about reading.
例文
The school gave extra reading support to students with dyslexia.
その学校は読字障害のある生徒に追加の読書支援を行った。
She was diagnosed with dyslexia as a child, but she became a successful writer.
彼女は子どもの頃に読字障害と診断されたが、後に成功した作家になった。
Understanding dyslexia helps teachers choose better ways to support reading and writing.
読字障害を理解することで、教師は読み書きを支えるよりよい方法を選べる。
失読症
(意味 2)解説 Definition
読字困難症とも呼ばれ、読むことが困難な学習障害を指します。文字や単語の認識や処理に支障をきたす状態です。
Dyslexia is a learning difficulty that mainly affects reading and spelling. A person with dyslexia may have trouble connecting letters with sounds, even if they are intelligent and have normal learning opportunities. The word is usually used in education, psychology, and medical contexts.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
このエントリの「失読症」は、読めていた文字や文章が脳損傷などの後に読めなくなる状態として覚えると整理しやすいです。基本義の「読字障害」は発達・学習上の読みの困難を指すことが多いのに対し、ここでは医学・神経心理学で扱う後天的な読字能力の喪失に寄せます。`alexia` や `aphasia` と並ぶ専門語として、症例報告や診断説明に出る語と考えるのが手がかりです。
Break it into `dys-` and `lex-`. `Dys-` often means difficulty or something not working well, and `lex-` is related to words and language, like `lexicon` or `lexical`. That makes `dyslexia` easier to remember as a word about difficulty with written words.
例文
Children with dyslexia often struggle with spelling and reading.
失読症のある子どもたちはしばしば綴りと読みに苦労します。
With proper support, people with dyslexia can succeed academically.
適切なサポートがあれば、失読症の人は学業面でも成功できます。
Her dyslexia made it challenging for her to read quickly.
彼女の失読症のせいで素早く読むのは難しかった。
dyslexia の語源・成り立ち Etymology
近代医学語で、ギリシャ語 dys-「困難・不調」+ lexis「語・ことば」から。語や文字を扱う困難という発想から、読字障害を表します。
Dyslexia is a modern medical term from Greek parts: dys-, meaning "difficulty" or "bad," and lexis, meaning "word" or "speech." The word developed to describe difficulty in dealing with written words and reading.
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