excommunicate
破門する
解説 Definition
教会から公式に除名する、または宗教コミュニティから追放する。精神的な交わりから切り離す。
To excommunicate means to officially exclude someone from a religious community, especially as a punishment. It is most often used in discussions of churches and religious authority. By extension, it can sometimes describe being completely cut off from a group, but that use is more figurative.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
communicate は「やり取りする」、community は「共同体」。この2語が浮かべば、excommunicate は「共同体との交わりを断って外に置く」という絵で覚えやすい。ex- は外へ離す方向なので、単なる ban や exclude よりも、宗教団体が正式に成員を切り離す重い語。the Church excommunicated him のように、教会・異端・破門宣告と結び付けて覚えると定着しやすい。
Use `community` and `communicate` as your anchors: both are about being connected with others. The prefix `ex-` suggests being put out or removed, so `excommunicate` means being cut off from the group. It is especially tied to religion, so picture someone being formally removed from the Church.
例文
The church threatened to excommunicate him for heresy.
教会は異端罪で彼を破門すると脅した。
In medieval times, church leaders could excommunicate offenders as a severe punishment.
中世には、教会指導者が厳しい罰として違反者を破門することがあった。
She was excommunicated for defying the religious authorities.
彼女は宗教当局に逆らったために破門された。
excommunicate の類義語・関連語
excommunicate の語源・成り立ち Etymology
後期ラテン語 excommunicare に由来し、ex-（外へ）+ communicare（共有する）が骨格です。communicate や community と同根で、「共同体の交わりから外す」という発想が破門するの意味を直示します。
Excommunicate comes from Late Latin excommunicare, from ex- "out" and communicare "to share" or "make common." It is related to communicate and community. The basic idea is removing someone from shared fellowship, which led to the church sense of formally excluding a person from the community.
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