クレムリン
解説 Definition
Kremlin は、ロシア語で城塞を指す語で、特にモスクワ中心部にあるクレムリンを指します。英語では、ロシア政府やその中枢を表す語としても使われます。
A fortified central complex found in a Russian city, especially the historic Kremlin in Moscow. In news and political contexts, the Kremlin can also mean the Russian government or its central leadership by association with that site.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
ロシア語 kreml’「城塞」に由来し、小文字の kremlin ならロシア都市にある城壁内の城塞一般、大文字の the Kremlin なら通常モスクワのクレムリンを指します。さらに報道では建物名でロシア政府中枢を表す換喩になります。historic fortress、inside the Kremlin、the Kremlin announced の三場面で、場所と政府の意味を区別して覚えます。
Link kremlin with a walled fortress at the center of an old Russian city. As a common noun, a kremlin can be such a fortified complex; with a capital letter and the article, the Kremlin usually means the famous complex in Moscow. News reports also use the building name to stand for the Russian government or its leadership, as in “the Kremlin announced.” Keep three patterns in mind: a historic fortress describes the place, inside the Kremlin locates something within the complex, and the Kremlin said signals the governmental meaning. This place-for-institution shift resembles “the White House” in American political reporting.
例文
The Kremlin is a historic fortress in Moscow.
クレムリンはモスクワにある歴史的な城塞です。
Tourists can see old churches inside the Kremlin.
観光客はクレムリンの内部で古い教会を見ることができます。
The news report said the Kremlin would hold a meeting today.
ニュース報道は、クレムリンが今日会合を開くと伝えました。
kremlin の類義語・関連語
kremlin の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ロシア語 kreml'（城塞）に由来し、元はスラヴ祖語 *kremъ（堅い木の城壁）から。もとは「城塞」一般を指したが、モスクワの城塞が政治の中心となり固有名詞化した。関連語：kremlinology（クレムリン学、ソ連政治分析）。城壁に囲まれた要塞が権力の象徴になった歴史を映す語。
Kremlin was borrowed from Russian kreml’, meaning a fortified central enclosure or citadel within a city. The Russian word has older Slavic roots associated with a stronghold, though its deeper formation is not entirely certain. Several Russian cities have kremlins, but Moscow’s became so closely connected with national power that English commonly capitalizes the Kremlin for that specific complex. From the location, the word developed its metonymic sense referring to the Russian government and leadership.
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