overturned
ひっくり返った
解説 Definition
「overturned」は、物や乗り物などがひっくり返った・転覆した状態を表す形容詞・動詞の過去分詞です。また、法律や判決が覆された・取り消された場合にも使われます。自動車事故での車の横転や、裁判での判決の取り消しなど幅広い文脈で使われる語です。
Overturned describes something that has been turned onto its side or upside down, especially a vehicle, boat, or container. As the past participle of overturn, it can also mean that a decision, judgment, or rule was officially reversed or invalidated.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
overturned は overturn の過去形・過去分詞で、原形に規則どおり -ed を加え、語末は有声音 /n/ の後なので /d/ と発音します。an overturned truck は「横転した」、an overturned decision は「覆された」と覚え、物理的にも法的にも従来の向きや効力が逆になる感覚を共通項にします。
Begin with the verb overturn, built from over and turn. Add the regular ending -ed without changing the spelling; because the base ends in the voiced sound /n/, the ending is pronounced /d/, not /t/ or /ɪd/. Keep one image for both major uses: something is turned away from its former position. An overturned truck is physically on its side, while an overturned decision has lost its former legal force. Learn the common combinations overturned vehicle, overturned boat, and overturned ruling to connect the concrete and legal senses.
例文
An overturned truck on the highway caused a massive traffic jam.
高速道路でのトラックの横転が大規模な渋滞を引き起こしました。
The Supreme Court overturned the lower court's decision on appeal.
最高裁判所は控訴により下級裁判所の判決を覆しました。
After the storm, there were several overturned boats in the harbor.
嵐の後、港にはひっくり返った船が数隻ありました。
overturned の類義語・関連語
類義語
overturned の語源・成り立ち Etymology
overturned は over「上を越えて」+ turn「回す・向きを変える」から成り、over は古英語、turn は古フランス語経由でラテン語 tornare に由来します。「回して上から下へ返す」感覚が、そのまま「ひっくり返った」につながります。turn, return が関連語です。
Overturned is the regular past tense and past participle of overturn, a compound of over and turn. Over descends from Old English ofer, while turn entered English through Old French and ultimately comes from Latin tornare, “to turn on a lathe.” The compound first conveys turning something over physically, and this concrete reversal produced the later legal sense of reversing or invalidating a judgment, rule, or decision.
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