overworked
過労
解説 Definition
overworked は overwork（働かせすぎる、働きすぎる）の過去形・過去分詞です。人が過度に働いたり、働かされすぎたりして疲れている状態を表すときにもよく使われます。
The past tense and past participle of overwork, often used to describe a person who worked or was required to work excessively and consequently became tired, stressed, or exhausted.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 overwork「働かせすぎる・働きすぎる」に -ed を付けた過去形・過去分詞で、語末は /t/ と発音します。over- は「過度に」なので、単に tired「疲れた」より原因が仕事に限定されます。feel overworked、overworked nurses の形で覚えましょう。
Separate overworked into over, meaning “too much,” work, and -ed. It is the past tense and past participle of overwork, with the final -ed pronounced /t/. Picture nurses handling too many shifts or an employee working late for weeks: they feel overworked because the amount of work is excessive. This is more specific than tired, since it identifies too much work as the cause. Common patterns include “feel overworked,” “become overworked,” and “overworked staff.”
例文
She felt overworked after three weeks of late nights.
彼女は3週間も夜遅くまで働き続けて、働きすぎだと感じました。
The nurses were overworked during the busy season.
繁忙期の間、看護師たちは過重労働の状態でした。
He became overworked because the team had too few people.
チームの人数が少なすぎたため、彼は働きすぎになりました。
overworked の類義語・関連語
overworked の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古英語の接頭辞over-（過度に）と語根work（労働）に接尾辞-edが結合。文字通り「働きすぎた状態」を指すため、「過労の」「酷使された」という意味へ自然に展開する。同じ語根を持つworkload（業務負担）や構造が近いovertired（疲れすぎた）も理解を助ける。
Overworked consists of over-, work, and the past-tense or participial ending -ed. The prefix over- has long expressed excess, while work comes from Old English weorc, referring to labor, action, or something produced. The verb overwork therefore means to work too much or make someone work too much. Its participle naturally came to describe people exhausted by excessive labor and things subjected to excessive use.
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