proportional
比例
解説 Definition
proportional は proportion（割合、比率）に由来する形容詞で、「比例した」「割合に応じた」という意味です。数量や大きさが別のものに応じて増減する関係を表します。
Proportional describes quantities, sizes, or amounts that correspond according to a consistent ratio, so that a change in one is matched by an appropriate change in another. It is commonly followed by to when the two quantities are identified.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
proportional は proportion「割合・比率」＋ -al「～の性質をもつ」で、「割合に応じて変わる」という形容詞です。数学の x is proportional to y と、日常の fee is proportional to size を同じ型で覚えましょう。equal は単に等しいこと、proportional は一方が増減すると一定の比率で他方も変わる関係を表します。
Connect proportional with proportion, meaning a ratio or comparative share, and add -al to recognize it as an adjective. The key pattern is be proportional to: a fee proportional to room size rises or falls as the size changes according to a consistent relationship. In mathematics, if one quantity doubles and the directly proportional quantity also doubles, their ratio remains constant. Do not reduce the idea to equal; two values can be proportional without being identical. Think “changing together by ratio,” not simply “the same amount.”
例文
The fee is proportional to the size of the room.
料金は部屋の大きさに比例します。
The chart shows a proportional increase in sales.
そのグラフは売上の比例的な増加を示しています。
Each team's budget is proportional to the number of members.
各チームの予算はメンバー数に比例しています。
proportional の類義語・関連語
対義語
紛らわしい語
proportional の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語 proportionalis（pro-「〜に応じて」+ portio「分け前・割合」+ -alis「〜の性質の」）に由来。portio は portion（部分）と同根で、「各部分の釣り合いがとれた」が原義。関連語に proportion（比率）、disproportionate（不釣り合いな）がある。
Proportional entered English from Latin proportionalis, built on proportio, “comparative relation or proportion.” Proportio is connected with portio, “share or portion,” the source of English portion. The adjective therefore describes something determined according to the relation or share between parts. The English suffix -al marks an adjectival quality. Proportion, proportionally, and disproportionate belong to the same modern word family.
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