recusal
忌避
解説 Definition
判事や公務員などが利益相反または偏見のため自らの職務から身を引くこと。
Recusal is the act of officially refusing to take part in a decision or legal case because of a conflict of interest or possible unfairness. It is mainly used in law, government, and formal decision-making. The purpose of a recusal is to protect fairness and trust.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
まず動詞 recuse oneself「自分を案件から外す」をセットで覚えると定着しやすいです。recusal はその名詞形で、-al は approval / refusal のように「行為・結果」を表す型。法廷や委員会で judge’s recusal, call for recusal の形で出やすく、ポイントは「誰かを排除する」のではなく、利益相反や偏りを避けるために当人が身を引くこと。refusal との見た目の混同にも注意。
This is easier if you first know the verb `recuse oneself`. Then `recusal` is the noun form, like `approval` or `refusal`. Remember it in legal phrases such as `judge's recusal`, where someone steps back to avoid bias or conflict.
例文
The judge requested recusal due to a conflict of interest.
その判事は利益相反のため職務回避を申し立てた。
Recusal of the official was necessary to ensure impartiality.
公正を保証するために、その公務員の職務回避が必要だった。
The senator announced her recusal from the important vote.
その上院議員は重要な投票からの職務回避を発表した。
recusal の類義語・関連語
recusal の語源・成り立ち Etymology
recusal は recuse「忌避する」に -al が付いた語で、recuse はラテン語 recusare に由来します。re-「退ける」+ causa「理由」と考えると、「理由を示して自分を外す」が法廷での忌避につながります。cause や recusant も同系です。
Recusal comes from recuse with the noun ending -al. Recuse comes from Latin recusare, meaning "to refuse" or "object to." In legal use, the idea became stepping aside by giving a reason for not taking part. It is related to recusant, and more distantly to cause through the Latin root causa.
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