requiem
レクイエム
解説 Definition
requiem は、死者のためのミサや追悼の音楽を指す語です。カタカナの「レクイエム」と同じく、厳粛な追悼曲や鎮魂歌という意味で使われます。
A requiem is a Christian service for the dead or a solemn musical composition associated with such a service. The word is also used more broadly for music or another work that commemorates people who have died.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
ラテン語で「安息を」を意味する語から、死者の安息を祈るミサ、さらにそのための荘厳な音楽を指すようになった。a requiem for the dead、sing・compose・perform a requiemという組み合わせで、一般的な「追悼」より宗教儀式や鎮魂曲に結び付く語として覚える。
Connect requiem with the idea of rest for the dead: its Latin source appears in a prayer asking that the departed be granted eternal rest. This explains why the word can name both a memorial Mass and the solemn music written for it. Learn it through common combinations such as sing a requiem, compose a requiem, and a requiem for the dead. Unlike the general word memorial, requiem strongly suggests religious ceremony, serious music, or a work expressing mourning.
例文
The choir sang a requiem at the memorial service.
合唱団は追悼式でレクイエムを歌いました。
Mozart's requiem is performed in many concert halls.
モーツァルトのレクイエムは多くのコンサートホールで演奏されています。
The composer wrote a requiem for those who died in the war.
その作曲家は戦争で亡くなった人々のためにレクイエムを書きました。
requiem の語源・成り立ち Etymology
requiem はラテン語 requiem「安息を」をそのまま用いた語で、もとは requies「休息、安らぎ」に由来する。死者に「永遠の安らぎを」という祈りの冒頭語から、追悼ミサや鎮魂曲の意味になった。関連語は quiet, quietude。
English borrowed requiem from Latin requiem, the accusative form of requies, meaning “rest” or “repose.” It occurs near the beginning of the Latin Mass for the Dead in the prayer Requiem aeternam, which asks for eternal rest for the deceased. The opening word consequently became the name of the service itself and later of the musical setting composed for that service. Its historical sense of peaceful rest also connects it distantly with words such as quiet.
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