returned
返されました
解説 Definition
returned は return（返す、戻る）の過去形・過去分詞です。「返された」「戻された」という意味で、物が持ち主や元の場所へ戻されたことを表します。受け身の文で was returned のようによく使われます。
Sent, given, or taken back to a previous place, owner, or sender. It commonly appears after be in passive constructions, as in “The book was returned yesterday.”
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 return に規則変化の -ed を付けた過去形・過去分詞で、語末が /n/ なので -ed は /d/ と発音し /rɪˈtɜːrnd/。ここでは was returned to me のような受け身で「返された状態」を表す。returned book なら返却済みの本で、単に自分で戻った returned とは文の形で区別する。
Connect returned with the base verb return, meaning “go back” or “give back.” It is a regular form made by adding -ed, and because return ends in the voiced sound /n/, the ending is pronounced /d/: /rɪˈtɜːrnd/. In the target adjective-like passive use, something has been given or sent back: the book was returned, or a returned item. The pattern returned to someone or returned to a place helps identify the recipient or destination. Context distinguishes this passive meaning from an active sentence such as “She returned home.”
例文
The book was returned yesterday.
その本は昨日返されました。
My bag was returned to me.
私のバッグは私のところへ返されました。
The key was returned after school.
その鍵は放課後に返されました。
returned の類義語・関連語
類義語
紛らわしい語
returned の語源・成り立ち Etymology
古フランス語 retorner（re-＝再び + torner＝回る）からラテン語 tornare（旋盤で回す）に遡る。「元の場所へ回り戻る」が原義。turn（回る）、detour（回り道）と同根。re- の「再び」が戻る動作を強調し、過去分詞 returned で「戻された状態」を表す。
Returned is the regular past and past-participle form of return. Return came through Old French retourner, built from re-, “back or again,” and tourner, “to turn.” Tourner ultimately relates to Latin tornare, originally referring to turning on a lathe. The word therefore developed around the image of turning back toward an earlier place or condition. The suffix -ed marks a completed action or resulting state.
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