ruff
襞襟
解説 Definition
ruff は、首の周りに付けるひだの多い襟、特に16世紀から17世紀ごろのヨーロッパで使われた襞襟を指す名詞です。衣装史や肖像画の説明でよく使われます。
A ruff is a wide, stiff collar made with many gathered folds, often of linen or lace. It was fashionable in Europe during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries and is now commonly mentioned in descriptions of historical clothing, portraits, and costumes.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
ruff は、肖像画で首をぐるりと囲む、細かなひだの付いた大きな襟を思い浮かべて覚えます。wear a ruff、a lace ruff、a white ruff が典型表現です。ruffle は「ひだを作る・乱す」、rough は「粗い」で綴りや音が近いものの、衣装名の ruff とは区別しましょう。
Picture a European portrait in which a large white ring of folded cloth surrounds the sitter's neck. That striking collar is a ruff. Learn it through common combinations such as wear a ruff, a lace ruff, and a white ruff. The nearby word ruffle can help you remember the gathered folds, although it usually means a decorative strip or the act of disturbing or creasing something. Do not confuse ruff with rough: they sound alike in standard English, but rough is an adjective meaning uneven or not smooth.
例文
The portrait shows a noblewoman wearing a white ruff.
その肖像画には白い襞襟をつけた貴婦人が描かれている。
Actors in the play wore ruffs and long coats.
その劇の俳優たちは襞襟と長い上着を身につけていた。
The museum displayed a delicate lace ruff from the seventeenth century.
博物館は17世紀の繊細なレースの襞襟を展示していた。
ruff の類義語・関連語
ruff の語源・成り立ち Etymology
オランダ語の「ruff（しわ・ひだ）」に由来する単一語根です。高密度にギャザーを寄せた形状が、布を「しわしわに縮めた」様子から名付けられました。「ruffle（ひだを寄せる）」や「rough（ざらついた）」と語源を共有しており、立体感ある襞襟の視覚的イメージが納得できます。
The clothing term ruff appeared in English in the sixteenth century, when this elaborately gathered collar became fashionable. Its history is associated with words for wrinkling, folding, or ruffling cloth and has been linked with Dutch and related European forms. The precise route is not entirely certain. The name reflects the collar's dense folds rather than its material, since ruffs could be made from linen, lace, or other fabric.
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