shah
国王
解説 Definition
イランの君主制度における最高権力者のための伝統的な称号。かつてのペルシア帝国や現代のイランで使用されていた。
A traditional title for the sovereign of Persia or Iran, used especially for monarchs who ruled the country before the abolition of the Iranian monarchy in 1979.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
shah はペルシャ語で「王」を表す称号で、特に歴史上のペルシア・イランの君主に用いる。一般名詞 king の単なる異綴りではなく、the shah of Iran のように歴史・文化を伴う称号として覚える。チェスの check と同系の歴史をもち、「王が攻撃される」場面につなげると定着しやすい。
Shah is not merely an unusual spelling of king. It is a Persian royal title, especially associated in English with the historical rulers of Persia and Iran. Learn the phrase the shah of Iran and picture a monarch exercising authority over the country. The word also has a memorable connection with chess: Persian shāh means “king,” and chess vocabulary reached European languages through forms containing this word. This connection helps preserve the central idea—a shah is the king, particularly within a Persian or Iranian historical setting.
例文
The shah ruled Iran with absolute authority for many years.
そのシャーは多くの年間、絶対的な権力でイランを支配した。
The last shah of Iran was overthrown during the Islamic Revolution.
イランの最後のシャーはイスラム革命中に転覆された。
Historians study the reign of various shahs to understand Persian history.
歴史家はペルシア史を理解するために様々なシャーの統治を研究する。
shah の類義語・関連語
shah の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ペルシャ語 šāh(王)が語源で、古代ペルシャ帝国の君主の称号。チェスの「チェックメイト」は šāh māt(王は死んだ)に由来。関連語:checkmate、chess。ペルシャ文化が西洋に深く影響した証。
Shah comes directly from Persian shāh, meaning “king,” and continues an ancient Iranian royal title. It appears in compounds such as shahanshah, literally “king of kings.” The Persian word also played a role in the history of European chess terminology: words related to check and checkmate passed through languages in which an attack on the chess king was announced with a form derived from shāh. In English, shah is chiefly used for Persian and Iranian monarchs.
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