shark
サメ
解説 Definition
shark はサメという意味です。日本語の「シャーク」とほぼ同じですが、英語では動物としてのサメを指す普通の名詞です。
A shark is a large marine fish with a skeleton made of cartilage, typically a streamlined body and several rows of teeth. Different shark species vary greatly in size and behavior.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
日本語の「シャーク」と結び付けつつ、英語では可算名詞なので a shark、two sharks と数える点を押さえます。海では shark swam near the boat、水族館では see a shark が典型。魚一般の fish より具体的で、鋭い歯を持つサメ類を指します。
Connect shark with the familiar Japanese loanword シャーク, but learn its normal English grammar and combinations. It is a countable animal noun: say a shark, the shark, or several sharks. Picture one swimming near a boat or being observed at an aquarium, and practice phrases such as shark attack, shark species, and great white shark. Shark is more specific than fish: every shark is a fish, but most fish are not sharks. This concrete sea-animal image will keep the target meaning separate from figurative uses referring to an aggressive person.
例文
A shark swam near the boat.
サメがボートの近くを泳いでいました。
We saw a shark at the aquarium.
私たちは水族館でサメを見ました。
The shark moved slowly through the water.
そのサメは水中をゆっくり進みました。
shark の類義語・関連語
派生語
紛らわしい語
shark の語源・成り立ち Etymology
shark の語源は確定しておらず、16世紀英語でまず「人を食い物にする悪党」の意が見える。ドイツ語 Schurke「悪漢」と結びつける説もある。後に貪欲で危険な魚の名となり、card shark も同じ発想で理解できる。
The origin of English shark is uncertain. The word appeared in the sixteenth century, and its early history includes use for a predatory or dishonest person as well as for the fish. A proposed connection with German Schurke, meaning “scoundrel,” is not established. Because the precise route is disputed, it is safest to associate the modern form directly with the marine animal and its later figurative uses, such as card shark.
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