shrunken
縮んだ
解説 Definition
shrunken は shrink（縮む、縮ませる）の過去分詞です。形容詞のように、物が以前より小さく縮んだ状態を表すときによく使われます。
Shrunken describes something that has become smaller, tighter, dried up, or contracted from its former size. It is an older past-participle form of shrink and is now used mainly as an adjective.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
shrunken は shrink「縮む」の過去分詞に由来する形で、現在は a shrunken sweater のように名詞の前や、look shrunken のように形容詞的によく使います。shrink–shrank–shrunk を基本の活用として覚え、shrunken は「縮んだ状態」を強く描写する形と区別しましょう。発音は /ˈʃrʌŋkən/ です。
Link shrunken to the irregular verb shrink: shrink–shrank–shrunk. Shrunken is an older participial form that now appears mainly as a descriptive adjective, pronounced /ˈʃrʌŋkən/. Picture a sweater after a hot wash or an apple that has dried out: each is visibly smaller than before. Useful patterns include “a shrunken sweater,” “a shrunken apple,” and “look shrunken.” Use shrunk more often in a perfect verb construction, as in “The sweater has shrunk,” but shrunken naturally emphasizes the resulting condition before a noun.
例文
The sweater looked shrunken after the wash.
洗濯後、そのセーターは縮んで見えました。
He kept the shrunken apple as part of the science display.
彼は理科の展示の一部として、縮んだリンゴを取っておきました。
The old leather bag was dry and shrunken from years of heat.
その古い革のバッグは長年の熱で乾き、縮んでいました。
shrunken の類義語・関連語
類義語
shrunken の語源・成り立ち Etymology
shrunken は shrink の古い強変化過去分詞で、語源は古英語 scrincan「しぼむ・縮む」にさかのぼります。shrank や shrinkage も同系で、もとの「身がすくむほど縮む」感覚から、「縮んだ・小さくなった」という意味が自然に出ています。
Shrunken is the older strong past participle of shrink, a verb traced to Old English scrincan, meaning to contract, wither, or shrivel. English strong verbs form their past tense or participle partly through an internal vowel change, reflected in shrink, shrank, and shrunk. Although shrunk is now the usual verbal past participle, shrunken survives especially as an adjective describing the state produced by shrinking.
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