シンクロトロン
解説 Definition
synchrotron は、荷電粒子を円形の軌道で加速する大型の加速器という意味です。日本語の「シンクロトロン」はほぼ同じ意味で使われますが、英語では研究施設そのものを指すこともあります。
A synchrotron is a large particle accelerator that guides charged particles around a circular path while synchronized electric and magnetic fields increase and control their energy. The term can also refer to a research facility using the intense radiation produced by such a machine.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
synchro- は synchronize「同期させる」と同じく「時間を合わせる」、-tron は装置名に使われる要素です。粒子の運動に合わせて電場や磁場を同期させ、円形軌道で加速する大型装置と覚えます。研究施設では produce bright X-rays、book beamtime、materials research などの表現と一緒によく現れます。
Connect synchrotron with synchronize: the machine keeps key parts of the acceleration process in step with the circulating charged particles. The ending -tron commonly appears in names for scientific devices. Picture particles repeatedly traveling around a large ring while electric fields accelerate them and magnetic fields control their path. Modern research facilities use synchrotrons to generate extremely bright X-rays for studying materials, crystals, proteins, and many other samples. Useful context includes synchrotron radiation, synchrotron facility, beamline, and booking beamtime. The word names the accelerator and, by extension, sometimes the facility housing it.
例文
The laboratory uses a synchrotron for materials research.
その研究所は材料研究にシンクロトロンを使っています。
A synchrotron can produce very bright X-rays.
シンクロトロンは非常に明るいX線を発生させることができます。
Scientists booked time at the synchrotron to study the structure of the crystal.
科学者たちは結晶の構造を調べるため、シンクロトロンの利用時間を予約しました。
synchrotron の類義語・関連語
synchrotron の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ギリシャ語 synchros（同時の）+ -tron（装置を表す接尾辞）の合成語。syn-（共に）+ chronos（時間）で「同期した」を意味し、粒子の回転と電場の周波数を同期させる加速器。関連語に synchronize（同期する）、chronicle（年代記）がある。
Synchrotron was coined in the twentieth century for a type of particle accelerator. Its first element, synchro-, is associated with synchronization and ultimately combines Greek syn-, “together,” with chronos, “time.” The device keeps the accelerating field synchronized with particles circulating in its ring. The ending -tron, used in names of scientific instruments and particles, was modeled on terms such as electron and cyclotron. The word's structure therefore highlights synchronized operation in a technical apparatus.
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