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解説 Definition
be動詞の過去分詞で、完了形や受け身の中で、存在したことやある状態だったことなどを表す。
The past participle of be, used after have, has, or had to describe an existence, identity, condition, or experience connected with another time. In have been to, it indicates that someone visited a place and returned.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
been は be の過去分詞なので、基本的に have、has、had の後で使います。have been busy は「ずっと忙しい」、have been to Canada は「カナダへ行ったことがある」、has been a teacher for ten years は「10年間教師をしている」です。単なる過去の was/were ではなく、過去と現在をつなぐ完了形の中の be と捉えると定着しやすいでしょう。
Been is the past participle of be, so learn it in the pattern have, has, or had plus been. “I have been busy” connects a past condition with the present, while “She has been a teacher for ten years” describes a role continuing through a period. The special expression “have been to Canada” means that someone visited Canada and came back. Do not replace been with the simple-past forms was or were after have. Its usual pronunciations are /bɪn/ in British English and often /bɪn/ or /biːn/ in American English.
例文
I have been busy all day.
私は一日中ずっと忙しかった。
Have you ever been to Canada?
カナダへ行ったことがありますか。
She has been a teacher for ten years.
彼女は10年間教師をしています。
been の語源・成り立ち Etymology
been は be の過去分詞で、古英語 bēon「存在する」の過去分詞形に由来します。英語の be 動詞は、異なる起源を持つ複数の語形が一つの活用体系に合流してできており、am、is、are、was、were、been が大きく異なる形を持ちます。
Been is the past participle of be and descends from an Old English participial form associated with bēon, “to be or exist.” The modern verb be has an unusually mixed conjugation because forms from several historically distinct Germanic verbs merged into one grammatical system. This history helps explain why be, am, is, are, was, were, and been look so different rather than following a single regular pattern.
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