座屈
解説 Definition
柱・梁・板などの部材が、圧縮荷重によって安定性を失い、急に横方向へ曲がるなどの変形を起こす現象。
Buckling is the sudden sideways bending or deformation of a structural member, such as a column, beam, or plate, under compressive force. It occurs when the member becomes unstable under a load.
使い方 Usage
- 建築・機械工学では現象名の名詞として使う。column buckling「柱の座屈」、buckling failure「座屈による破壊」、signs of buckling「座屈の兆候」。 In structural and mechanical engineering, buckling names a phenomenon. Common combinations include column buckling, buckling failure, and signs of buckling.
使い分け Common distinctions
- bending は一般的な曲げ・曲がり。buckling は、圧縮荷重で部材が安定性を失って変形する点が特徴。 Bending refers generally to bending or curvature. Buckling specifically involves deformation as a member loses stability under compressive load.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
buckle「圧力を受けて曲がる」の語尾の e を取って -ing を加えた形。重い荷重を受けた細い柱が、急に横へ曲がる姿を思い浮かべます。
Connect buckling with buckle, meaning to bend under pressure; drop the final e and add -ing. Picture a thin column under a heavy load suddenly bowing sideways.
例文
Buckling can occur when a thin column carries too much weight.
細い柱に過大な重量がかかると、座屈が起こることがあります。
The engineer checked the beam for signs of buckling.
技師は梁に座屈の兆候がないか確認しました。
The test showed that buckling began near the center of the metal plate.
試験の結果、金属板の中央付近で座屈が始まったことが分かりました。
buckling の類義語・関連語
buckling の語源・成り立ち Etymology
bucklingは動詞buckle「曲がる・たわむ」に由来し、語源は古フランス語boucle、さらにラテン語bucculaへさかのぼります。もとは『輪のように曲がる』感覚で、圧力で部材がぐにゃりと折れ曲がる『座屈』を表し、buckleやboucledが関連語です。
Buckling is formed from the verb buckle and the suffix -ing. Buckle entered English through Old French boucle, “buckle” or “ring,” from Latin buccula, a diminutive associated with a cheek or curved fastening. The verb later developed the sense “bend, warp, or collapse under pressure.” In modern engineering, buckling denotes the characteristic deformation caused when a structural element loses stability under compression.
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