cholera
コレラ
解説 Definition
cholera は感染症のコレラという意味です。汚染された水や食べ物を通じて広がる病気を指し、日本語の「コレラ」と意味はほぼ同じです。
Cholera is an acute infectious disease caused by bacteria and usually spread through contaminated food or water. It can produce severe watery diarrhea, rapid dehydration, and potentially fatal illness if treatment is not provided promptly.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
cholera は汚染された水や食物を通じて広がり、激しい水様性下痢を起こす感染症名です。prevent cholera、cholera outbreak、clean water の組み合わせで、公衆衛生の場面と結び付けます。古代ギリシャ語の「胆汁」に関係する病名ですが、現代の原因は細菌です。
Connect cholera with contaminated water, severe watery diarrhea, and urgent rehydration. A practical scene is a community protecting its water supply after a flood to prevent a cholera outbreak. Learn the combinations prevent cholera, cholera cases, cholera outbreak, and clean drinking water. The historical name is connected with the ancient Greek word for bile because early medicine explained such illness through bodily fluids. Do not let that history obscure the modern fact: cholera is a bacterial infection, not a disorder caused by bile. This contrast makes both the word’s history and its present meaning easier to retain.
例文
The village worked to prevent cholera after the flood.
洪水の後、その村はコレラを防ぐために対策を進めました。
Clean water is important for stopping cholera.
清潔な水はコレラを食い止めるために重要です。
Doctors warned that cholera could spread quickly in crowded areas.
医師たちは、混雑した地域ではコレラが急速に広がるおそれがあると警告しました。
cholera の類義語・関連語
派生語
cholera の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ギリシャ語 kholera（胆汁の病）から。kholē（胆汁）が語根で、古代には胆汁の異常が激しい嘔吐・下痢を起こすと考えられた。関連語: cholesterol（胆汁+固体）、melancholy（黒い胆汁）。四体液説に基づく古代医学の名残が病名に残っている。
Cholera entered English through Latin from Greek kholera, a term associated with kholē, meaning “bile.” In ancient medicine, violent vomiting and diarrhea were interpreted through theories about bodily fluids, particularly bile, so the disease name reflects an old medical explanation rather than its modern cause. Today cholera specifically denotes the acute infection caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, commonly transmitted through water or food contaminated with fecal matter.
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