制限された、外接された
解説 Definition
circumscribed は、範囲・権限・活動などが境界内に「制限された、限定された」状態を表します。circumscribe の過去形・過去分詞でもあります。幾何では、ある図形を囲み、所定の点や辺に接するように描かれた「外接した」状態を表します。
Circumscribed means limited, restricted, or confined within defined boundaries. It is also the past tense and past participle of circumscribe. In geometry, it describes a figure drawn around another figure so that it touches specified points or sides; a circle circumscribed about a polygon passes through all its vertices.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 circumscribe に -ed を付け、語末 e を残さず circumscribed となります。circum-「周囲」＋ scrib-「線を書く」から「周りに線を引く」が核です。幾何では circumscribed circle「外接円」として、円が多角形の各頂点を外側から囲んで接する図を思い浮かべましょう。
Break circumscribed into circum-, “around,” and scrib-, “write or draw,” then connect it with the base verb circumscribe. The past participle is formed by adding -d to the final e of circumscribe, producing circumscribed. For the geometric sense, picture a circle drawn around a triangle so that every vertex touches the circle. The standard phrase circumscribed circle will anchor the meaning. Contrast it with inscribed: an inscribed figure is drawn inside another figure, while a circumscribed one surrounds the figure under discussion.
例文
The committee's authority is strictly circumscribed by law.
その委員会の権限は法律によって厳しく制限されています。
The triangle has a circumscribed circle.
その三角形には外接円があります。
Students calculated the radius of the circumscribed circle.
生徒たちは外接円の半径を計算しました。
circumscribed の類義語・関連語
circumscribed の語源・成り立ち Etymology
circum-「周囲に」＋ scribe「書く・線を引く」から成り、ラテン語 circumscribere「周りを線で囲む」に由来します。そこから「境界を定める」「円で外から囲む」の意味になり、describe や inscribe も同じ scrib- の仲間です。
Circumscribed is the past participle of circumscribe, from Latin circumscribere, “to draw a line around” or “set boundaries around.” It combines circum, “around,” with scribere, “to write or draw.” English words such as inscribe and describe share the scrib- element. The literal idea of drawing around something produced both the geometric sense of surrounding a figure and the broader sense of limiting something within boundaries.
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