有罪を宣告する
解説 Definition
裁判で被告人や容疑者について、犯罪を犯したと正式に認定し有罪を宣告する意味です。convict someone of theft のように、人を目的語に取り、罪名や容疑を of や on charges で続ける法的文脈で使います。
Convicting means officially deciding in court that a person has committed a crime and declaring them guilty. It is used in legal situations, usually with a person as the object, followed by of and the crime, or with on charges. It does not mean simply persuading someone; it means reaching a formal guilty decision through the legal process.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
convict は court, jury, judge, evidence と一緒に出やすい法律の動詞です。con- は「完全に」、vict は victory と同じく「打ち負かす」系の語根と考えると、証拠で相手の無罪主張を打ち負かし、法的に有罪と決める流れが見えます。convince は「納得させる」ですが、convict は単なる説得ではなく、裁判で guilty と認定する点が重要です。別エントリの「有罪判決を受ける」と混ぜず、ここでは宣告する側の動作として覚えます。
Think of convict as a legal verb that often appears with words like court, jury, judge, and evidence. You can connect con- with "completely" and vict with the same root idea as victory, so the evidence completely defeats the person's claim of innocence. Also, do not confuse it with convince: convince means to make someone believe something, but convict means to officially declare someone guilty in court.
例文
The prosecutor focused on convicting the defendant of fraud with strong financial evidence.
検察官は強い財務証拠を使って、被告に詐欺の有罪を宣告することに力を入れた。
Convicting someone on weak evidence can damage public trust in the justice system.
弱い証拠で人に有罪を宣告することは、司法制度への信頼を損なうおそれがある。
The documentary examined how new DNA tests helped prevent courts from convicting innocent people.
そのドキュメンタリーは、新しいDNA検査が裁判所による無実の人への有罪宣告を防ぐのにどう役立ったかを検証した。
convicting の類義語・関連語
convicting の語源・成り立ち Etymology
convict はラテン語 convincere「完全に論証で打ち負かす」から来ました。con-「完全に」+ vincere「勝つ」で、証拠で罪を立証する意味へ発展しました。
Convict comes from the Latin word convincere, which meant "to completely prove" or "to defeat by argument." It is made from con-, meaning "completely," and vincere, meaning "to win." Over time, it developed the legal sense of proving someone guilty in court.
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