copula
意味一覧 (2件)
繋辞
解説 Definition
文法用語で、主語と述語的補語を結びつける動詞。「be」「become」「seem」などが該当する。
A copula is a linking verb that connects the subject with a description, identity, or state. In grammar, it is most often a form of the verb "be." The word is mainly used in linguistics and language study.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
この項目の「繋辞」は、日常語ではなく文法学・言語学で使う硬い専門訳として覚えます。主語と補語をつなぐ be, become, seem などを指す点は「連結詞」と近いですが、教科書的な説明より学術的な文脈で出やすい表現です。辞書や論文で copula construction, copular verb のような形を見たら、「文の意味を運ぶ動詞」ではなく「主語と述語内容を結ぶ機能語」と考えるのが手がかりです。
Think of the verb "be" first: in "This is a pen," the word "is" links two parts. A copula is that kind of linking word, so connect it with "linking verb" in your mind. Remember common examples together: be, become, seem.
例文
In the sentence 'She is a teacher,' 'is' is a copula.
「彼女は教師です」という文では、「is」はコピュラである。
Copulas link the subject to additional information about the subject.
コピュラは主語を主語についての追加情報に結びつける。
The verb 'become' functions as a copula in English.
動詞「become」は英語ではコピュラとして機能する。
連結詞
(意味 2)解説 Definition
文法や英語学習で、主語とその説明・状態・身分を結びつける語を指す。特に be 動詞や seem, become などを説明するときに使われ、文の要素同士の関係を示す用語である。
A copula is a word, usually a verb, that connects the subject of a sentence with a word or phrase that describes or identifies it. In English, forms of be are the most common copulas, but verbs like seem and become can also work as copulas in some sentences. This is a grammar term often used when explaining how the parts of a sentence are linked.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
copula は couple「組にする、結びつける」と同じく「つなぐ」イメージで覚えると定着しやすい語です。This is a book. の is のように、主語と説明部分を結ぶ働きに注目します。linking verb とほぼ同じ場面で出ますが、英語学習ではより専門的な文法用語です。別エントリの「繋辞」は同系統でも硬い学術語なので、まずは「連結詞＝主語と補語をつなぐ語」と押さえるとよいです。
Think of copula as connected to the idea of a couple, two things joined together. A copula joins the subject to a description, identity, or state, as in "This is a book." You can also remember that it is close to linking verb, but copula sounds more technical in grammar study.
例文
In the sentence "This is a book," the verb "is" is the copula.
「This is a book.」という文では、is が連結詞です。
Teachers often explain that "seem" can act as a copula before an adjective.
教師はよく、seem が形容詞の前で連結詞として働くと説明します。
The copula links the subject to information about identity, condition, or description.
連結詞は、主語を身分・状態・説明の情報につなげます。
copula の語源・成り立ち Etymology
copula はラテン語 cōpula「つなぎ、結合」から来た語で、co-「共に」+ apere「留める」が背景にあります。文法で「繋辞」となるのは、主語と補語を“結びつける語”だからです。関連語は couple, copulate。
Copula comes from Latin copula, meaning a bond or link. It belongs to a word family about fastening or joining together, also seen in English couple and copulate. In grammar, the name fits because a copula is the word that links the subject and what is said about it.
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