首を切られた
解説 Definition
decapitated は decapitate（首を切る）の過去形・過去分詞です。人や動物、像などの首が切り落とされた状態を表す強い語なので、暴力的な内容を述べる場面で使われます。
Decapitated is the past tense and past participle of decapitate, meaning that someone or something had its head cut off or removed. As a participial adjective, it describes a headless body, figure, or object.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
decapitated は decapitate「首を切り落とす」に -d を付けた過去形・過去分詞で、語末が e のため -ed ではなく見た目は -d を追加する。de-「取り去る」＋ラテン語 caput「頭」の構造を手掛かりにし、a decapitated statue のような「首を失った状態」も表すと覚える。
Begin with decapitate, “to remove the head,” and connect de- with removal and capit- with the Latin word for head. Because the base verb already ends in e, its past form is made by adding only d: decapitate becomes decapitated. The form can describe an action in the passive, as in “the figure was decapitated,” or function like an adjective before a noun, as in “a decapitated statue.” The word is stronger and more explicit than damaged or broken, since it specifically says that the head was cut off or removed.
例文
The decapitated statue was carefully repaired by the museum staff.
首を切られた像は、博物館の職員によって慎重に修復されました。
Archaeologists found a decapitated figure carved into the stone.
考古学者たちは、石に彫られた首のない人物像を見つけました。
The old painting shows a decapitated warrior from a historical legend.
その古い絵には、歴史伝説に登場する首を切られた戦士が描かれています。
decapitated の類義語・関連語
類義語
decapitated の語源・成り立ち Etymology
ラテン語の「de（取り去る）」＋「caput（頭）」に由来し、文字通り「頭部を切り離す」意味となります。「頭」が語根の単語にはcaptain（隊長）やchapter（章）があります。首を切る行為が「頭部を取り除く」という直感的な構造であることを知れば、単語のイメージが鮮明に定着しますね。
Decapitated is the past tense and past participle of decapitate. Decapitate was formed from Late Latin decapitare, based on de-, expressing removal, and caput or its stem capit-, meaning “head.” Its structure therefore conveys the literal removal of a head. English words such as capital and captain are historically related to the same Latin root, although their modern meanings developed along different paths.
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