defying
反抗する
解説 Definition
defying は defy（反抗する、逆らう）の現在分詞・動名詞です。権威、命令、予想などに従わず、はっきり逆らう行動を表します。
Defying is the present participle and gerund form of defy. It means openly refusing to obey or accept a rule, order, ban, authority, or expectation, often despite the risk of punishment or opposition.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
defying は原形 defy「反抗する、逆らう」に -ing を付けた形で、語末 y を残して defying と書きます。発音の末尾は /aɪɪŋ/。defy a rule、defy an order、defy a ban のように、権威ある規則や命令を承知の上で公然と受け入れない場面を思い浮かべます。
Connect defying to the base verb defy, meaning to resist or refuse to obey openly. Keep the final y when adding -ing: defy becomes defying. Because defy ends with the sound /aɪ/, the transition into /ɪŋ/ is clearly heard. Picture students knowingly acting against an unfair rule or protesters continuing despite a ban. Common objects are a rule, an order, a ban, and authority. Unlike merely ignoring something, defying usually suggests conscious, visible resistance and often implies that consequences may follow.
例文
The students are defying the unfair rule.
学生たちは不公平な規則に反抗しています。
He was punished for defying a direct order.
彼は直接の命令に逆らったことで罰を受けました。
Defying the ban, the group continued its peaceful protest.
その団体は禁令に反抗して、平和的な抗議を続けました。
defying の類義語・関連語
派生語
defying の語源・成り立ち Etymology
defying は defy の現在分詞で、古フランス語 desfier「挑む・絶縁する」に由来し、さらにラテン語 fidere「信じる」と結びつきます。原義は「信頼を外す」で、そこから「相手に従わず逆らう」となり、fidelity や confide も親類語です。
Defying is formed from defy plus -ing. Defy came through Old French desfier, meaning to renounce allegiance, challenge, or provoke. The form is historically connected with a negative or reversing prefix and a Germanic-derived element related to faith or trust, also reflected in words associated with fidelity. The meaning moved from withdrawing trust or allegiance to challenging another person and then to openly resisting a command, rule, authority, or expectation.
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