disobeying
従わない
解説 Definition
disobeying は disobey（従わない、命令に背く）の現在分詞・動名詞です。規則や命令に従わない行動をしている、またはその行為自体を表します。
The present participle or gerund of disobey, describing the act of failing or refusing to follow a rule, order, instruction, or procedure. It can modify a person or action, or function as a noun referring to such noncompliance.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形 disobey「従わない」に -ing をそのまま付けた現在分詞・動名詞です。語末の y は母音字 e の後なので変えず、disobeying とします。disobeying safety rules なら「規則に従わないこと」、a worker disobeying the procedure なら進行中の違反行為を表します。
Connect disobeying with the base verb disobey and the ending -ing. Because the final y follows the vowel e, it stays unchanged: disobey becomes disobeying. The form can name an activity, as in “Disobeying safety rules is dangerous,” or describe an action in progress, as in “a worker disobeying the procedure.” It may also modify a person, although “disobedient” is often more natural for a lasting character trait. Remember that disobeying focuses on conduct that does not follow a specific command, rule, or instruction.
例文
The disobeying student had to speak with the principal.
指示に従わない生徒は校長と話さなければなりませんでした。
Disobeying safety rules can put everyone at risk.
安全規則に従わないことは、全員を危険にさらす可能性があります。
The manager noticed a worker disobeying the new procedure.
管理者は新しい手順に従っていない作業員に気づきました。
disobeying の類義語・関連語
disobeying の語源・成り立ち Etymology
disobeying は dis-「反して」+ obey + -ing から成る形。obey は古フランス語 obeir、さらにラテン語 oboedire「耳を傾ける・従う」にさかのぼるので、もとは「聞き入れず逆らう」という感覚になる。関連語は obedient, audience。
Disobeying consists of disobey plus the participial and gerund suffix -ing. Disobey combines dis-, expressing opposition or negation, with obey. Obey came through Old French obeir and goes back to Latin oboedire, “to listen to” or “to obey.” Thus, the historical structure suggests not listening or complying. In modern English, the -ing form presents this failure to follow a command or rule as an ongoing action or as an activity.
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