mitosis
有糸分裂
解説 Definition
細胞が核を含めて2つの同じ娘細胞に分かれる過程。生物の成長と繁殖の基本的なメカニズム。
Mitosis is the process in which one cell divides into two new cells with the same genetic material. It is an important part of growth, repair, and normal life processes in living things. The word is mainly used in biology and science study.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
まず meiosis(減数分裂)とセットで覚えると定着しやすいです。mitosis は『数を半分にする特殊な分裂』ではなく、ふつうの体細胞が growth や repair のために行う、同じものを2つ作る基本動作。biology では mitotic division, go through mitosis の形でもよく出ます。mitotic は形容詞。ポイントは『染色体数を保ったまま、ほぼ同一の娘細胞を2つ作る』で、meiosis の “多様性を作る分裂” と対比すると混同しにくくなります。
Learn it together with `meiosis`, because the contrast helps memory. `Mitosis` is the regular basic process, while `meiosis` is the special one students often compare it with. Also remember the adjective `mitotic`, which appears often in biology texts.
例文
Mitosis is the process by which cells divide and reproduce.
有糸分裂は細胞が分裂し増殖するプロセスである。
During mitosis, the chromosomes become visible under a microscope.
有糸分裂の間、染色体は顕微鏡の下で見えるようになる。
The four stages of mitosis are prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
有糸分裂の4つの段階は前期、中期、後期、および終期である。
mitosis の類義語・関連語
mitosis の語源・成り立ち Etymology
mitosis はギリシャ語 mitos「糸」+ -osis「過程・状態」に由来します。顕微鏡で見ると染色体が糸のように見える分裂なので「有糸分裂」となり、mitotic や amitosis にも同じ語根が見えます。
Mitosis comes from Greek mitos, meaning "thread," plus -osis, a suffix for a process or condition. The name was chosen because chromosomes look like threads under a microscope during this kind of cell division. So the word means, in effect, a thread-like division process. Related words include mitotic and amitosis.
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