overhauled
オーバーホール済み
解説 Definition
overhauled は overhaul（分解点検する、大幅に見直す）の過去形・過去分詞です。機械が「オーバーホール済み」である場合や、制度などが大きく改められた場合に使われます。
Overhauled is the past tense and past participle of overhaul. It describes machinery that was thoroughly inspected and repaired, often by dismantling major parts, or a system, organization, or process that was extensively examined and changed.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
overhauled は overhaul「徹底的に点検・修理する、大幅に見直す」の過去形・過去分詞。規則的に -ed を加え、発音は /ˌoʊvərˈhɔːld/ と語末が /d/。a fully overhauled engine と a system was overhauled を対にし、機械にも制度にも使えると覚える。
Overhauled is the regular past and past-participle form of overhaul: simply add -ed, pronounced /d/. For machinery, picture an engine being taken apart, inspected, repaired, and put back into reliable working order. Learn the useful phrase a fully overhauled engine or watch. The same idea of examining every major part extends figuratively to systems and rules: the reporting system was overhauled means it was extensively redesigned, not merely adjusted. Keep it distinct from repaired, which can describe one limited fix; overhauled usually suggests comprehensive inspection and substantial work.
例文
The overhauled engine runs smoothly now.
オーバーホール済みのエンジンは今では滑らかに動きます。
They sold a fully overhauled watch with a one-year warranty.
彼らは1年保証付きの完全にオーバーホール済みの時計を販売しました。
After the system was overhauled, the reports became easier to read.
システムが大幅に見直された後、報告書は読みやすくなりました。
overhauled の類義語・関連語
overhauled の語源・成り立ち Etymology
中期オランダ語のoverhalenに由来し、接頭辞over（完全に）と語根haul（引っ張る）から構成される。元は帆走船の索具を完全に引き上げて点検する航海用語で、機械を解体して細部まで修理・交換する工程へ意味が拡大した。関連語：haul（運搬）、haulage（輸送料）。
Overhauled comes from overhaul plus the regular ending -ed. Overhaul is built from over and haul, a verb of Germanic origin meaning “pull” or “drag,” and was used in nautical contexts for pulling ropes or gear over for examination. From the idea of drawing equipment out and inspecting it thoroughly, the verb developed its modern senses of comprehensively repairing machinery and extensively revising systems.
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