perished
滅んだ
解説 Definition
perished は「滅んだ」「死に絶えた」という意味です。perish（滅びる、命を落とす）の過去形・過去分詞で、形容詞として人や文明などが失われた状態を表します。
Perished describes a person, community, culture, or civilization that has died, been destroyed, or ceased to exist. In attributive use, it often emphasizes that only remains, records, or memories of the lost entity survive.
覚え方のコツ Memory Tip
原形は perish「死ぬ・滅びる」で、-ed を付けた過去形・過去分詞が perished です。語末の /ʃ/ は無声音なので -ed は /t/ と発音します。a perished culture/city/kingdom のように、文明や共同体が失われ、今は記録や遺物だけが残る場面と結び付けます。
Connect perished with the base verb perish, meaning “to die, be destroyed, or cease to exist.” It is the regular past form and past participle, formed by adding -ed. Since perish ends in the voiceless /ʃ/ sound, the ending is pronounced /t/, not as an extra syllable. In phrases such as a perished culture, city, or kingdom, imagine ruins, tools, or records as the only surviving evidence. Compared with vanished, perished more strongly suggests destruction, death, or irreversible loss rather than simply disappearance from view.
例文
The museum displayed tools from a perished culture.
博物館は滅んだ文化の道具を展示していました。
The book describes a perished city under the sand.
その本は砂の下にある滅んだ都市について述べています。
Only a few records remain from the perished kingdom.
その滅んだ王国については、わずかな記録だけが残っています。
perished の類義語・関連語
類義語
perished の語源・成り立ち Etymology
perished は perish の過去分詞形で、古フランス語 perir を経てラテン語 perire に由来します。per-「すっかり」+ ire「行く」から成り、「通り過ぎて消える」感覚が「滅びる」になりました。関連語は exit、transit。
Perish entered English through Old French perir, from Latin perire, “to pass away, be lost, or be destroyed.” The Latin verb combines per-, here reinforcing completion, with ire, “to go.” Its literal structure suggests going completely away and developed into the senses “die” and “be destroyed.” Perished is the regular English past form and past participle, created by adding -ed to perish; it can also function adjectivally.
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